Antibodies raised against fragments of synthetic peptides of human 5 alpha-reductase isoenzymes 1 (h5 alpha r1) and 2 (h5 alpha r2) were applied to paraffin sections of human skin (scalp, eyelid, lip, breast, scrotum). Immunoreactive sites were differentially distributed, in that h5 alpha r1 immunoreactivity was present in the nuclei of cells in the stratum germinativum (basal and lower portion of the spinous layer) of the epidermis, subepithelial fibroblasts, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells of the scrotal tunica dartos, basal cells of sebaceous glands, excretory duct cells of sweat glands, cells of the dermal papilla and fibrous and outer epithelial sheath of hair roots, as well as endothelial cells of small vessels and Schwann cells of cutaneous myelinated nerves. In contrast, immunoreactivity for h5 alpha r2 was found in the cytoplasm of the cells of the spinous layer (and far less intensely in the basal layer) of the epidermis, subepidermal fibrocytes, and especially in subcutaneous adipocytes. Immunoreactivity was strongest in the non-keratinized portion of the inner epithelial sheath and the cuticle of hair follicles, whereas other portions of the hair root were negative. Sweat glands were stained, whereas sebaceous glands showed only weak diffuse immunoreactivity. In mucocutaneous zones, salivary glands and conjunctival epithelium showed immunoreactive cells. Vascular endothelium displayed immunoreactivity only in the genital region. We present experimental evidence for a differential distribution of 5 alpha-reductase isoenzymes in human skin. This might reflect a diversity in the response of different areas of the skin to androgenic challenge.

Hybrid systems consisting of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and organic semiconductors (OSCs) are promising candidates for future optoelectronic device architectures, as they combine the outstanding charge transport properties of TMDCs with the high photoabsorption cross-section and the ability to tailor the energy levels of OSCs through synthetic means. Since crystalline organic layers have very anisotropic optical absorption and emission characteristics, their azimuthal alignment is an important parameter for the efficiency of the optical coupling in such hybrid systems. The lack of dangling bonds makes surfaces of 2D materials quite inert and smooth and therefore allows an unrestricted growth of organic adlayers without the requirement of relaxation or commensurability at the interface, which is an important prerequisite for van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy. Here, we have studied the formation and azimuthal alignment of crystalline adlayers of the OSC perfluoropentacene (PFP) on the basal plane of MoSe2, WSe2, MoS2, and MoTe2 single crystals representing the most ideal TMDC surfaces, which are further compared with corresponding films on graphene and hBN. Combining specular X-ray reflectivity with polarization resolved optical reflection measurements allowed the azimuthal alignment of crystalline PFP domains to be precisely analyzed, which revealed characteristic twist angles between adlayer and substrate lattices for the various 2D materials. This orientational order can be rationalized as an on-line coincidence and is well reproduced by model calculations that are based on the scheme of projection of real-space adlayer lattice points onto the substrate unit cell. The extreme sensitivity of the resulting rotational alignment of epitaxial adlayers on the smallest changes of the lattice parameters is demonstrated by distinctly different twist angles for PFP films that were grown at an elevated temperature and thus show a slight thermal expansion. The presently introduced and validated model to describe the epitaxial alignment in weakly bound crystalline adlayers can also be applied to other vdW bound heterosystems and can be useful to elucidate the peculiarities of vdW epitaxy.

Pain increased treatment persistence in women with osteoporosis and fracture. Further studies are needed to better understand factors influencing persistence.

The latter characteristic is particularly important since charge carrier mobility and transport properties of crystalline π-conjugated molecular materials are typically strongly anisotropic, [5] which underlines the importance of a precise structural control of OSC films at the contact interfaces.Among the newly synthesized OSCs, dinaphthothienothiophene (DNTT) has received particular attention because it combines a remarkably high charge carrier mobility [6,7] with distinct chemical robustness, [8,9] hence making it superior to previous OSC benchmark systems based on pentacene (PEN) or rubrene. [10][11][12] DNTT is a planar polycyclic hydrocarbon (PAH) with similar shape and intermolecular interaction as PEN [13] and likewise adopts a layered crystal structure. In the (001) planes, which are the typical surface planes in DNTT crystals, the molecules are uprightly oriented and exhibit a face-on-edge herringbone packing arrangement. [6] Despite their structural similarity, both the materials exhibit, however, different growth characteristics. For example, a notable dewetting was found upon growth of DNTT films on SiO 2 and other dielectrics as well as on graphite substrates, [14] while smoother PEN films are formed on these substrates. [15,16] On the other hand, PEN (as well as many other PAH) films that are deposited onto crystalline metal substrates reveal a distinct dewetting and island formation beyond the first monolayer (ML), [17][18][19] which is attributed to the structural misfit between the flat-lying chemisorbed molecules in the seed layer and the herringbone motif in the bulk crystal structure. [20] Despite their importance for device applications, interfaces between DNTT and metals are hardly studied so far. The only exception is the previous work of Hasegawa et al. who studied the initial stage of DNTT film growth on Au(111) and reported a transition from an initially diluted phase into a densely packed adlayer which comprises a mixture of flat-lying and inclined molecules. [21] While this growth scenario is of particular interest, as it would allow adjusting the interface structure to the crystal bulk phase, no clear evidence for such a tilting was given and also the structure of thicker films was not analyzed. A similar mechanism has been identified before for the growth of PEN Dinaphthothienothiophene (DNTT) is a promising new organic semiconductor which combines high charge carrier mobility with chemical robustness. Although the properties of organic electronic devices are largely determined by the interfaces with electrodes, the interface between DNTT and metals is hardly studied so far. Here, the interface structures of DNTT on Ag(111) and multilayers are examined and they are compared with films grown on polycrystalline and (111) surfaces of silver and gold. In the seedlayer regime, two different interface structures formed by exclusively flatlying molecules and a herringbone arrangement are identified for increased coverages. Combining low energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling micro...

Defect mediated nucleation upon organic film growth is effectively suppressed by initial oxygen saturating of surface steps yielding extended and epitaxially aligned crystalline fibers, that are of interest for optoelectronic devices.