Currently, information security is among the main characteristics that must be achieved within the security of private and public organizations worldwide. For this reason, globally recognized algorithms such as the AES, IDEA, RC5, DES, RSA are researched with the aim of identifying the most suitable and obtaining a greater degree of security and speed of encryption in order to mitigate the information vulnerabilities between processes and be applied as a feasible alternative in an electoral process. The deductive method was used to analyze the information obtained in the references. After the study it is possible to conclude that to improve security in the processes of public organizations in Ecuador it is necessary to implement cryptographic mechanisms.