Water Quality Index (WQI) is a useful and unique method of measuring water quality. It is often used to determine the status of water quality in simple terms (e.g. good or bad, usable or unusable) to assess water quality and evaluate its suitability for different purposes. The research objectives are to assess the spatial variability of the water quality index (WQI) and make comparisons among monitors sites on the Euphrates River in Anbar Governorate. The monitoring and assessment were carried out on eleven sampling sites along the Euphrates River between the cities of Al-Qaim and Fallujah, spatially and temporally, over a period of 4 years from 2010 to 2013. To calculate the WQI, several Physico-chemical parameters, namely, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (T.H), turbidity (TUR), dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity (Alk.), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride ion (Cl-), sulphate ion (SO42-) and nitrate ion (NO3-) were analysed in line with the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index methodology (CCME WQI). The water quality index values in these stations on the Euphrates River in the study area ranged from fair to a marginal category in the study period. The current results concluded that the alterations existed in the concentration of the Physico-chemical parameters in most months, except January and September, along the Euphrates between the cities of Al-Qaim and Fallujah, as a result of harmful practices. The present study revealed that the Euphrates River water is polluted due to human activities, agricultural run-off, the release of inadequately treated wastewater, making it unsuitable for human consumption unless treated properly.

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between water drainage rates in Hit and Ramadi cities and the water quality of the Euphrates River. The studied area of Euphrates River extends from Hit to Ramadi, where two sampling stations were selected monthly in 2012, 2013, and 2018. The results indicate variations and decreasing in the monthly discharge rate of the study period; the year 2012 had higher discharge rate values than 2013, which in turn was higher than in 2018, for both gauging stations. Our results indicate that with decreasing discharge trends, some selected water quality parameters had an increasing trend. During the selected years, there was an increase in levels of sulfate, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, magnesium, and turbidity in the Ramadi station compared to the Hit station, as the rate of discharge of the river increases in the former. A positive significant correlation between discharge rate and dissolved oxygen and dissolved solids were reported. The Haditha Dam and its reservoir affect the downstream discharge rate and in turn the water quality at Hit and Ramadi Cities.

This study is conducted to synthesize an activated carbon from date-stones using different concentration (20%,35%,50%) of phosphoric acid as activater. The carbon was soaked for 72 hours followed by carbonization at (500°C) for two hours. Specific surface area and pH were measured. The adsorption of phenol at different temperatures (283K , 293K , 313K , 333K) from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon was investigated .The determination of phenol concentration at equilibrium solution was measured using U.V. spectrophotometer with an adsorbance wavelength of (211nm). The activated carbon exhibited high ability to adsorbe phenol from aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption rates were 98.76% , 98.9% and 97.5% at an initial concentration of ( 240 mg/l ) of phenol and at 333K for activated carbon , (20% ,35% and 50%) , respectively. Adsorption isotherm was studied using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The characteristic parameters for each isotherm and related correlation coefficient have been determind .The results showed that the adsorption process of the synthetic activated carbon fits very well with the Freundlich isotherm model and in a lesser degree with Langmuir isotherm model . Thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G°, ∆H° and ∆S° have also been evaluated and it has been found that the sorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic.

Environmental contamination and the massively higher cost of disposal of wastes have been a big concern for scholars throughout the globe, prompting them to seek a way to recycle waste materials in various implementations filed. The rising expenditure of disposal and the shortage of naturally big aggregate have increased interest in reusing recycled waste materials to manufacture concrete and mortar. The some of the country population annually consumes hundreds of tonnes of black tea, resulting in a considerable number of discarded teabags. These huge quantities are disposed of in landfills without being recycled or otherwise used. Moreover, landfills are considered one of the country's biggest global issues. Therefore, the aim of this experimental work to investigate influence of nano carbon tube produced from tea waste as cement replacement materials in mortar mixtures. Cement mortar mixes contain four replacement levels (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) of cement with nano carbon tube produced from tea waste. The compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and water absorption were tested to demonstrate the effect of the nano carbon tube made from recycled tea waste on the mechanical properties of the mortar mix. The fresh properties such as flow rate were evaluated in accordance with the specific standards. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) analyses were performed to demonstrate the microstructure of the mixtures. The results show that the fresh properties (flowability) of mortar containing nanocarbon tubes from tea waste were improved with the increase of the replacement ratio. In addition, the compressive strength was improved by substitution of up to 2%. For the other levels of substitution, it decreased with increasing proportion. In contrast, the density was increased with the increase in the substitution level of tea waste. Based on the results of the experiments, it seems that the suggested bio-mixture could increase the compressive strength of the material by up to 2% of the replacement at 28 days of curing.