When wounds are treated with regular insulin, they are also being treated with zinc; used in the formula to crystallize insulin molecules. It is not clear if regular insulin-accelerated wound healing is due to insulin, the zinc it contains, or both. Thus, we aimed to compare topical regular crystalline insulin (containing zinc) vs. aqueous zinc chloride solution to controls, on healing of open uncomplicated cutaneous wounds. In this randomized controlled pilot study, 90 nondiabetic patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups depending on the twice daily applications received; group I: regular insulin; group II: aqueous zinc chloride solution, and group III: 0.9% saline (control). A questionnaire was used to determine the effect of wounds on the quality of life. Both topical regular crystalline insulin (containing zinc) and aqueous zinc chloride solution enhanced healing of uncomplicated cutaneous wounds of nondiabetic patients, than control (p < 0.001), and hence improved patients' quality of life. However, regular insulin showed better results than aqueous zinc solution (p = 0.015), probably due to synergistic effect between insulin and zinc of its formulation. Healing rate was significantly higher in acute than chronic wounds (p < 0.001), in those ≤40 years than those >40 (p = 0.004), and in upper body wounds than lower body (p = 0.015).

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Chemical peeling involves the topical application of a wounding agent with the goal of effecting an organized regeneration of the skin. The histological and ultrastructural features of actinic- and age-related damage include structural abnormalities that disrupt normal epidermal and dermal architecture. In the present study, five patients with actinically damaged skin underwent an enhanced medium depth peel using 70% glycolic acid and 35% trichloroacetic acid. Biopsy specimens were taken before the peel, and 3 months after the peel for histological and electron microscopic examination. Clinical resolution of actinic damage corresponded with restoration of epidermal polarity. Characteristic histological and ultrastructural features of the skin after peeling include markedly decreased epidermal intracytoplasmic vacuoles, decreased elastic fibres, increased activated fibroblasts and organized parallel arrays of collagen fibrils. We conclude that electron microscopic studies after a medium depth peel of photodamaged skin reveal more profound changes than those seen histologically.

Significant reduction in AD disease severity is correlated with the change in Tregs% and Tregs/Teffs.

Various therapeutic modalities have been tried for female pattern hair loss (FPHL) treatment. To our knowledge, no previous studies had evaluated the therapeutic effect of lyophilized growth factor (L-GF) intralesional injection in FPHL. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intralesional L-GF injection in FPHL by clinical and trichoscopic evaluation. This study included 20 patients with FPHL. All patients received three treatment sessions of intralesional injection of L-GF 4 weeks apart. Patients were followed-up for further 3 months. The outcome was evaluated by trichoscopy, photography score, patient's satisfaction score and side effects were reported. Trichoscopic evaluation showed significant posttreatment increase in all hair parameters associated with a significant decrease in vellus hair count. Ludwig's grade II showed posttreatment significant differences in all trichoscopic parameters from the baseline. No significant differences were detected regarding all trichoscopic parameters between the two Ludwig's grades posttreatment. 80% of patients showed photography score improvement that was significantly higher in Ludwig's grade II than in grade I. 100% of patients showed improvement in patient's satisfaction score with insignificant difference between Ludwig's grades. Intralesional injection of L-GF is safe and improved various trichoscopic hair parameters and clinical scores in FPHL.