A amamentação desempenha um papel importante na saúde dos bebês, sendo o leite materno o alimento que fornece os nutrientes que a criança necessita para um adequado crescimento e desenvolvimento e oferece efeitos protetores essenciais para a redução de alergias alimentares, que está relacionada com interferências nutricionais nessa fase da vida. O presente estudo foi feito por meio de revisão bibliográfica em línguas portuguesa e inglesa, utilizando publicações científicas dos últimos 15 anos. Assim o objetivo geral do trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre o desmame e a introdução alimentar precoce, analisando a correlação desses conceitos com as causas que contribuem para o surgimento das alergias alimentares. Por meio desta revisão, verificou-se que muitas são as causas que levam à interrupção do aleitamento materno, como a ausência de informações sobre a importância do aleitamento materno pelas mães, em época de Covid-19, introdução precoce de alimentos e o retorno das mães ao trabalho. Observa-se que a imaturidade do sistema imunológico dos neonatos está diretamente ligada à sensibilização alérgica, em que a ausência ou interrupção de amamentação pode causar consequências a sua saúde.
RESUMO
A intervenção nutricional adequada promove bem-estar, controle de sintomas e melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Logo, o nutricionista deve orientar o paciente e sua família sobre a terapia nutricional em uso, além de fornecer orientações e esclarecimentos, a fim de prolongar a sobrevida, reduzir a perda de peso e melhorar a qualidade de vida.
ABSTRACT
The adequate nutritional intervention promotes well-being, control of symptoms and improvement of the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the nutritionist should guide the patient and his family about the nutritional therapy being used, in addition to providing guidance and clarification, in order to prolong survival, reduce weight loss and improve quality of life.
The research aimed to understand the possible factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic that may have impaired the period of exclusive breastfeeding. Cross-sectional and anonymous study with 62 mothers from the cities of Belem and Ananindeua – PA/Brazil, using an online form.As a result, predominantly: 1/3 had completed higher education, 25 and 49 years old, single, monthly income of 1 to 2 minimum wages, did not participate in government aid programs, cesarean delivery, prenatal care performed at SUS, were still breastfeeding, 45% had symptoms of anxiety, depression or compulsive disorder, 63% of children fell ill in the last 6 months. 24% of women felt insecurity or fear of breastfeeding because of media news.The presence of professional prenatal guidance on pregnancy and COVID-19 was absent in more than 1/3 of the women, 37% did not receive professional guidance on breastfeeding during prenatal care, and 81% did not receive guidance on breastfeeding with suspicion or diagnosis of COVID-19. Of the statements heard by a family member or close person, the most frequent was: "You cannot do prenatal care or go to the hospital so as not to get COVID-19".The number of times the child became ill in the last 6 months and hospitalization of the child were correlated with the period of breastfeeding with p<0.0001 and p=0.0455, respectively. This study brings a new perspective to the findings involving maternal and child nutrition and the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is essential that more comprehensive policies are reformulated, for the training of health professionals in the context of coping with COVID-19 and for managing news available in the media.
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