No abstract

Incessant and indiscriminate use of some agrochemicals in agricultural production has elicited fears of changes in microbial populations and the activities of individual species of microorganisms. Present study was carried out to study the effect of three pesticides (Chloropyrifos (1L/200L.Water), Lambada cyhalothrin(50g/100L.Water) and Emamectin benzoate(120g/400LWater)) at field application rate on total population count of microorganism in phasoulus vulgaris field. Also measured the sensitivity of some species, bacteria (Rhizobium leguminosarum. And Bacillus thuringiensis) , fungi (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viridi) and actinomycetes (Streptomyces griseorubens and Streptomyces cavourensis at field and double application rate to these pesticides. Data indicated that, Chloropyrifos stimulated significantly the proliferation of all of the microorganism. Lambada-cyhalothrin decreased population of Bactria at 1 DAT (day after treatment) until 15 DAT and returned to increase at 21 DAT. For fungal population, the total count of the soil fungi was decreased after the addition of Lambada-cyhalothrin. Actinomycetes was also significantly inhibited during the period from 1 to 15 DAT by Lambada-cyhalothrin, and subsequently recovered to a similar level of control. Emamectin benzoate in general increased population of bacteria and actinomycetes and decreased population of fungi. Concerning the sensitivity study we found that , Chloropyrifos inhibited significantly the growth of the tested species at different rates with a positive correlation. Chloropyrifos was the most potent compound followed by Lambada-cyhalothrin while Emamectin benzoate did not happen any effect on tested species. For radical growth of T.harzianum and T. viridi Chloropyrifos , Lambada-cyhalothrin and Emamectin benzoate showed the same level in its impact on the bacteria and actinomycetes

The generated human monoclonal antibodies can be used to develop potent immunotherapy agents that can be administrated for the post-transplantation patients to prevent the recurrence of HCV infection. Also, the monoclonal antibodies can be used to develop a candidate vaccine against HCV.

Female Oreochromis niloticus were exposed to 1/10 LC50 (0.21ppm) of butachlor herbicide for 6 weeks. Weekly specimens were taken for fecundity estimation. Also hormonal and enzymatic levels were determined in addition histopathological alterations in ovaries and liver were detected. Butachlor exerted drastic effects on absolute and relative fecundity. Sex hormones (testosterone "T" and estradiol "E 2 ") dropped significantly. The high significantly decline in Total Ripen Egg Number was assisted by the coagulative necrosis and oocytic atrasia in ovaries. In addition, thrombus formation and hepatoadenocarcinoma were pronounced in the liver and resulted in the significant drop in ALT and total protein levels. So, it is recommended to apply the biological control of pests in substitution to herbicids in rice fields.