Nosocomial infections are one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals. These are major public health problems worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. The purpose of this research was to analyze the frequency of the microorganisms in the specimens taken from the surgical wounds, and to examine antimicrobial susceptibility for some isolates . Wound swabs were examined from June 2010 to January 2011. The isolates were identified by conventional methods, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per NCCLS guidelines.A total of 102 wound swabs were examined 22(21.56%) swabs were sterile and 80(78.43%) were positive for microorganisms. The results showed 27.2% positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 25.0% positive for Coagulase positive Staphylococci, 20.0% positive for Enterococcus spp., 17.5% positive for Escherichia coli,15.0% positive for Klebsiella pneumonia,13.7% for Proteus mirabilis,and10.0% for Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the rate of isolates of Imipenem Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa(IRPA) were 3.7% , 11.2% positive for Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci(VRE) ,13.7% positive for both Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and Vancomycin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus(VRSA) ,and 11.2% positive for Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus(VISA). We found that postoperative wound infections increase with pre and post operative hospitalization  that's mean the infections can be decrease by shortening the hospitalization time.Our results appear to be maintained with strategies for preventing nosocomial infection,permanent education, strong application of protocols and urging the implementation of strict infection control policy. Key words: nosocomial infection, surgical wound, antimicrobial susceptibility.

*Corresponding Author Maysoon A. MerdawToxoplasma gondii(T. gondii) is one of the most prevalent infectious agents in human andhas a worldwide distribution. The current study was conducted to estimate theseroprevalence of antiToxoplasma Abs in800 apparently healthy persons of both sexesbyLatex agglutination test (LAT), and evaluate the serological methods (Enzymelinked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA and Enzyme-linked Fluorescent Assay ELFA) and Immunohistochemical IHC technique in detection of T. gondii in135 spontaneously aborted and 13 induced aborted women. The LAT test indicated that 27.13% (217/800) were seropositive for antiToxoplasma Abs. No difference in the rate of infection between male (28.33%, 68/240) and females (26.61%, 149/560) was found. Toxoplasmosis was detected in 21.5% (29/135) and in 22.96% (31/135) spontaneously aborted women as investigated by ELISA and ELFA tests respectively. T. gondiiAgs were confirmed in the placentae of 25.2% (34/135) spontaneously aborted women when IHC technique was used. These results indicatethatthere is no relationship between Toxoplasmaseropositivity and the gender, but it increase with the age.The three methods ELISA, ELFA and IHC were all specific, but IHC was the more sensitive technique in detection of toxoplasmosis.Copy Right, IJAR, 2016,. All rights reserved.

Flower  samples of Calendula officinalis were collected from the gardens of the college of Pharmacy in Baghdad city  to examine their antibacterial activity .The effect of ethanol crude extract of petals and reproductive parts of flowers in different concentrations were obtained and bioassayed in vitro for its bioactivity to inhibit the growth of eight types of bacteria .The extracts of petals  part were clearly superior for all bacteria especially the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (inhibition zone was 25mm in the concentration 100mg/ml) from gram negative bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition zone was 14mm in the concentration 50mg/ml) from gram positive bacteria, while the extracts of reproductive parts were less effective than petals part. These results confirm the antibacterial activity of Calendula officinalis flowers and support the traditional use of the plant in the therapy of bacterial infection

Present study was carried out to find prevalence of MRSA in healthy individual of second stage students, college of pharmacy/Baghdad University. A total of 74 student selected between age 18-23 years old were included in this study, nasal swabs collected and subjected to many diagnostic standard bacteriological identification methods. Culture, colonial morphology, Gram stain,  mannitol fermentation, coagulase ,gelatinasetest, DNAase, MR/VP and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on tryptic soy agar by modified Kirby-Bauer muller hinton disc diffusion method and the result show that out of 74 nasal swabs,67(90.5%) were MRSA positive isolates, 21(31.4%) of them were mannitol ferment and 46(68.6%) non mannitol fermenter, among these isolates 33(44.6%)male and 41(55.4%) female, there was no significant sex difference in the prevalence of Staph. aureus, while show decrease in prevalence with age group,(54%),(27%),(9.5%) alternatively, MRSA positive isolates indicated relatively high rate of resistance to antibiotics, so to vancomycin 3(4.5%),ciprofloxacin 4(6%) , tetracyclin 9(13.5%) ,gentamycin  6(9%),  erythromycin 15(22.5%) and keflex 20(30%). This study show a  high  prevalence  of  MRSA  carriage  in  young  adult  college  student (healthy people) that indicating  the spread of MRSA in the community which consider high risk of spreading infections also we isolate  non  mannitol  fermenter  (MRSA)  Staph. aureus that need further moleculer analysis to prove it. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus , MRSA, Modified Kirby-Baur methods.

The study is designed to identify intestinal parasitic infections examined at Al-Aziziyah Hospital in Wasit Governorate in Iraq. In this study, a total of (460) internal and external patients were monitored for intestinal parasitic infections. All stool samples were analyzed by the direct method (microscopic exam.) to discover the trophozoite stages and cyst stages for intestinal protozoan parasites. The most incidence parasites in different sex, area residence and different age groups. Out of ( 460) patient sample were infected with 217 at a percentage of (47.17%), 101(46.5%) were for males and 116 (53.5%) were for females. It was found that the numbers and percentages of a single (one type of parasite) and double (two type of parasite) infections were 207(95.4 %), 10 (4.6 %) respectively. Intestinal parasitic infections were found in (95.4 %) of the study population (17.9 % 1-5 age). E. histolytica was more common among the positive samples collected from intestinal parasitic species detected in this work. The prevalence of parasitic infection was significantly higher among younger age groups compared with older age groups. The age group 55 years had the highest incidence rate (17.9%) compared with other age groups (7.8%). The distribution of parasitic diseases between rural areas was 66.4% and urban areas was 33.6%. In conclusion, the incidence of intestinal parasitic infection among random sample demands improvement of health education with environmental sanitation and quality of water sources.