BackgroundIntra-thymic bronchogenic cysts are a rare entity but should be considered in the differential of all non-invasive thymic masses.Case presentationWe describe a 50-year-old patient who was found to have an incidental thymic mass on computer tomography of the chest. Non-invasive thymoma was suspected and a thoracoscopic thymectomy was performed. Final pathology revealed a bronchogenic cyst.ConclusionIntra-thymic bronchogenic cysts are extremely rare tumors of the anterior mediastinum. It should be considered in differential diagnosis of anterior mediastinal masses.

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BackgroundTo investigate the feasibility and efficacy of salvage lung resection and describe the possible indications and contraindications in patients with primary lung cancer.MethodsThirty patients undergoing anatomical salvage lung resection were classified into three groups: GI, patients with progressive lung tumor despite definitive chemo- and/or radiotherapy; GII, patients who underwent emergency resection; and GIII, patients in whom neoadjuvant or definitive chemo- and/or radiotherapy was contraindicated because of severe comorbidities. The groups were compared based on, peri- and postoperative factors, and survival rates.ResultsThe morbidity rate was 70%. Revision surgery was required in 23% of patients. Morbidity was affected by lower hematocrit and hemoglobin levels (P = 0.05). Mean hospital stay was 11 ± 4 days, which was longer in patients in whom complications developed (P = 0.0003). The in-hospital or 30-day mortality rate was 3%. Mean relapse-free survival and overall survivals were 14 ± 12 and 19 ± 13 months.ConclusionPatients with progression of the persistent primary tumor after definitive chemo- and/or radiotherapy can undergo salvage lung resection with acceptable mortality and high morbidity rates, if the tumor is considered resectable. Other indications may be considered for salvage lung resection based on each patient’s specific evaluation.

Highlights Volvulus of the transverse colon is a rare surgical emergency. Its diagnosis is challenging for the surgeon and the definitive diagnosis is frequently made intra-operatively. Delay in the diagnosis carries high morbidity and mortality rates. Early surgical intervention with resection and anastomosis is essential for better outcome and avoiding complications.

HighlightsThere are no cardinal symptoms for internal hernia.Internal hernia must be kept as a differential diagnosis in the case of intestinal obstruction in both operated and non-operated abdomen.Early diagnosis both clinically and radiologically may prevent undesirable complications.Both patient status and surgeon's experience are essential to form the best surgical decision.Fine handling of bowel, assessment of viability, closure of defects and inspecting for other potential ones, and argumenting stoma formation are the main principles of surgery.