) for 400 patients over 65 years who had a third retained mandibular molar and had a panoramic radiograph and a mandibular CBCT with selected one, or several, radiological signs of relationship between the third molar and the mandibular canal. Then the relationship between these signs and different situations between the alveolar nerve and the lower third molar was categorized with the classification of Tanaka et al.. Results: A total of 565 third molars were analyzed showing a 52.2% one radiological sign being the most frequent (29.7%) dimming roots. Among the most frequent associations were the two signs present 34% of third molars. The associations signs determines the loss of cortical alveolar canal (p <0.05). When darkening roots appear, the vestibular nerve is located at 42.9% (p <0.05) increase the risk nervous due to the surgical approach of the third molar. Conclusions:The risk of nerve injury in elderly patients is higher in cases where darkening of roots and more than a sign of relationship are present. Intoduction and Object: Dementia consists of a progressive, chronic decline in intelectual abilities, this may alter nociception and the ability to communicate pain, which, in return, complicates the diagnosis, and delays the treatment of the cause, resulting, also, in a worsening of the neuropsychiatric symptoms. The purpose of this research was to get dentists to become familiar with guidelines and protocols needed to diagnose pain in dementia patients, and also know their limitations. Methods: A literature search was perfomed using the words "dementia" "Pain" "diagnosis" resulting in 36 avaliable papers. Results and Conclusión: It was found that as pain assesment tools we have, autonomic responses, of which we must know that studies report lower heart rate in patients with severe dementia; behavioral response, that can be evaluated using different scales, being the most accepted the PAINAD (Pain Assesment in advanced dementia) scale, although, studies report that the PACS-LAC (Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate) scale is easier to perform; and subjective response, as the facial expression. In order to use them correctly we should know that, in patients with mild dementia, the subjective and behavioral responses are not altered compared to healthy subjects, yet, in advanced stages, the pain response usually appears exagerated, which implies that those may not be the most reliable methods to asses the intensity of pain. Note must be taken that none of these tools have been design for orofacial pain assesment. * doi:10.4317/medoral.17644072 http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/medoral.17644072 Objective: To conduct a literature review of ways of worldwide snuff consumption and specifically in the elderly population and their involvement in the oral cavitiy. The impact on the medical and dental field and the associated oral lesions will be studied. Method: We review 44 articles published between 1999 and 2016 from Medline and PubMed databases. Results: The consumption ...

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The objective was to confirm the increased risk of nerve injury in elderly patients, in the lower third molar extraction, by studying radiological signs of relationship and the position of the inferior alveolar nerve.

bone, teeth mobility and jaw fracture may occur. The dentist should be able to make an early diagnosis of odontogenic cysts based upon the clinical manifestations, radiological and histopathological examination.