Background:Surgical endodontic therapy comprises of exposure of the involved root apex, resection of the apical end of the root, preparation of a class I cavity, and insertion of a root end filling material. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is now the gold standard among all root end filling materials. MTA is however difficult to handle, expensive and has a very slow setting reaction.Aim:(1) To compare the sealing ability of MTA, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and CHITRA Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) when used as root end filling material using Rhodamine B dye evaluated under a confocal laser scanning microscope. (2) To compare the seal of root ends prepared using an ultrasonic retroprep tip and an Er: YAG laser using three different root end filling materials.Statistical Analysis:Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA and a two-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test and Scheffe's post hoc test using SPSS Version 16 for Windows.Results:All the three materials, namely MTA, PMMA BONE CEMENT and CHITRA CPC, showed microleakage. Comparison of microleakage showed maximum peak value of 0.86 mm for MTA, 0.24 mm for PMMA bone cement and 1.37 mm for CHITRA CPC. The amount of dye penetration was found to be lesser in root ends prepared using Er: YAG laser when compared with ultrasonics, but the difference was found to be not statistically significant.Conclusion:PMMA bone cement is a better material as root end filling material to prevent apical microleakage. MTA still continues to be a gold standard root end filling material showing minimum microleakage. Er: YAG laser is a better alternative to ultrasonics for root end preparations.

Aims:(1) To compare the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Chitra-calcium phosphate cement (CPC) when used as root-end filling, evaluated under confocal laser scanning microscope using Rhodamine B dye. (2) To evaluate effect of ultrasonic retroprep tip and an erbium:yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser on the integrity of three different root-end filling materials.Materials and Methods:The root canals of 80 extracted teeth were instrumented and obturated with gutta-percha. The apical 3 mm of each tooth was resected and 3 mm root-end preparation was made using ultrasonic tip (n = 30) and Er:YAG laser (n = 30). MTA, Biodentine, and Chitra-CPC were used to restore 10 teeth each. The samples were coated with varnish and after drying, they were immersed in Rhodamine B dye for 24 h. The teeth were then rinsed, sectioned longitudinally, and observed under confocal laser scanning microscope.Statistical Analysis Used:Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post-hoc Tukey's test at P < 0.05 (R software version 3.1.0).Results:Comparison of microleakage showed maximum peak value of 0.45 mm for Biodentine, 0.85 mm for MTA, and 1.05 mm for Chitra-CPC. The amount of dye penetration was found to be lesser in root ends prepared using Er:YAG laser when compared with ultrasonics, the difference was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Root-end cavities prepared with Er:YAG laser and restored with Biodentine showed superior sealing ability compared to those prepared with ultrasonics.

This study is to report the rare localization of a radicular groove on the palatal aspect of the maxillary lateral incisor and to discuss the pathology and management of the concomitant endo-periodontal defect. Unilateral palato-radicular groove was located on the Maxillary right lateral incisor of an 18-year-old female patient. The groove was associated with deep local periodontal pocket resulting in pulp necrosis and the formation of a large periapical lesion. A collaborative management was carried out using a combination of endodontic therapy, surgical enucleation, odontoplasty, and periodontal regenerative procedure resulting the successful healing of the periapical lesion.

Long term survival of an endodontically treated tooth is always challenging as it is more prone to fracture when the full coverage restoration is delayed or is not at all given. Complicated crown and root fracture of such teeth is a cause of post endodontic failure. Re-restoring such teeth is bothersome as it depends on the location and extend of fracture line, affected tooth, and its relationship with the gingiva and alveolar crest. The following case report describes the reattachment of a fractured fragment of an endodontically treated maxillary right rst premolar using owable composite, after reinforcement with a bre post, followed by fabrication of metal ceramic crown. Key words -endodontically treated teeth, fracture re attachment, sub-gingival fracture, bre-reinforced post, supra gingival nish line.

Introduction:The primary goal of successful restorative treatment is the effective replacement of lost tooth structure and maintenance of the integrity of the restoration. The success of Resin composite restorations depends on many factors, including the degree of moisture control, the effects of shrinkage during polymerization and how well the resin is cured. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two LED curing units on microleakage of posterior composite resins.Methods: For determination of microleakage, standardized MO or DO box cavities were prepared on 50 human extracted premolar teeth which was divided into 5 groups. Control group were only acid etched but adhesive was not applied. All other groups were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds, rinsed for 30 seconds with water and blot dried, adhesive was applied and light cured.Results: FiltekTM Bulk ll composite cured with Valo curing light exhibited least microleakage when compared to all other groups. Conclusion:The study showed that control group as well as other groups exhibited microleakage but FiltekTM Bulk ll composite resin showed lesser microleakage than Tetric N-Ceram.