No abstract

With the advancement in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) sensors are gaining importance in the physical world. Besides the low power of sensor nodes used, sensors are widely used in detecting temperature, pollution, pressure and other various applications. Energy-constrained sensor networks periodically place nodes to sleep in order to extend the network Lifetime. Denial of sleep attacks are a great threat to lifetime of sensor networks as it prevents the nodes from going into sleep mode. In this paper we are describing prevention against Denials of sleep attack. We have analyzed each of proposed solutions, identify their strengths and limitations.

The Wireless Sensor Network has gained advancement in new era technology. Beside a small size, sensors have the feature of sensing and collecting the data and small and are used in many areas ranging from detecting temperature to providing security for the home. Other than these, sensors are also used for traffic management and military applications. To extend the network lifetime, sensor nodes are placed in sleep mode. Denial of sleep is a type of denial of service attack which prevent nodes from going into sleep mode and resulting in short network lifetime. To secure the system, various techniques are used. This paper represents a more efficient and feasible solution to solve the problem of denial of sleep attack of isolating the nodes to be used in hierarchical clustering.

Abstract-Carbon plays important role in the environment for climate change. Carbon cycle is essential to life on earth but it is recognized as one of the most dominating gas among greenhouse gases Countries emit carbon from various sources which is necessary development. Each year a rank given to each country based on human development index which does not include carbon emissions. This paper uses classification algorithms to categorize countries to predicting the level of development and to find the best performing algorithm.