Here, we report the coding-complete genome sequences of nine clinical severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and their mutations. The samples were collected from nine Bangladeshi coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We have identified the E484K escape mutation and the S359T mutation within the spike protein coding region of the sequenced genomes.

In recent times, the utilization of microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) has increased due to their simple production, simple analysis, low cost, lightweight, easy feeding, and superior radiation characteristics. Limited bandwidth is a key disadvantage of MPAs. In this paper, a rectangular patch antenna with partial ground plane (PGP) strategy for ISM applications is proposed to overcome this deficiency and its performance is compared with that of a traditional patch antenna. A low-cost FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm is used to make both antennas designed. The antennas are analyzed and simulated at the operating frequency of 2.45 GHz using CST software. The simulation results show that the proposed antenna has a 0.1465 GHz i.e. 146.5 MHz bandwidth, which is more than 1.77 times larger than a conventional antenna (bandwidth = 0.0827 GHz i.e. 82.7MHz). The suggested antenna is suitable for a wide range of wireless communication standards, such as Bluetooth (2.4 to 2.485 GHz), WiMAX (2.3 to 2.4 GHz), Microwave ovens (2.4 to 2.48 GHz), RFID (2.4 to 2.5 GHz), S-Band (2.3 to 2.4 GHz), Wireless Communication Services (WCS) 2.345 GHz to 2.360 GHz, and 4G LTE (2.3 to 2.315 GHz).

Although the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is the worlds largest bay, possessing distinct physiochemical properties, it has garnered little research focus concerning its microbial diversity and ecological importance. Here, we present amplicon (16S and 18S) profiling and shotgun metagenomics data regarding microbial communities from BoB eastern coast, viz., Saint Martin and Coxs Bazar, Bangladesh. From the 16S sequencing data, Proteobacteria appeared to be the dominant phylum in both locations, with Alteromonas, Methylophaga, Anaerospora, Marivita, and Vibrio dominating in Cox's Bazar and Pseudoalteromonas, Nautella, Marinomonas, Vibrio, and Alteromonas dominating the Saint Martin site. From the 18S sequencing data, Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta, and Protalveolata appeared among the most abundant eukaryotic divisions in both locations, with significantly higher abundance of Choanoflagellida, Florideophycidae, and Dinoflagellata in Coxs Bazar. Functional annotations revealed that the microbial communities in these samples harbor genes for biofilm formation, quorum sensing, xenobiotics degradation, antimicrobial resistance, and a variety of other processes. Together, these results provide the first molecular insight into the functional and phylogenetic diversity of microbes along the BoB coast of Bangladesh and lay the foundation for further in-depth assessment of microbial community dynamics and functional potential in the context of global change in this region.

Objectives Salmonella is considered one of the leading causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Information about the transmission of pathogens to poultry and poultry products is necessary to implement control measures for reducing both human exposure and economic loss. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the transmission characteristics of Salmonella enteritidis to laying‐type hen flocks and their laid eggs. Materials and methods For this purpose, 15 pairs of laying hens were used in which each pair consisted of one inoculated and one contact exposed hen. The eggs and cloacal swabs from these hens were subsequently analyzed. Results Of the 15 in‐contact hens tested, 60% were found to be positive for S. enteritidis within 61 days postinoculation, of which 26.7% transmission occurred within the first 31 days postinoculation. Among the collected laid eggs tested, S. enteritidis was detected on 58% eggshells and 5.33% eggs internal contents. We also observed a 33.33% reduction in egg production from S. enteritidis‐infected hens. In a cross‐contamination study, we demonstrated that an experimentally inoculated container can act as a potential source of Salmonella spp. infection. Conclusions Our results will help establish effective monitoring programs to reduce the transmission of Salmonella spp. in poultry and poultry products.

Acute gastroenteritis is still a health burden in developed and developing countries. Acute gastroenteritis consistently ranks as one of the top causes of all deaths. The mortality among children due to acute gastroenteritis is greater in developing than in developed countries. Globally, while deaths from childhood diarrhea have decreased during the past two decades, the proportion of hospitalizations due to diarrheal diseases may have increased. In developing countries, gastroenteritis is a common cause of death in children < 5 years of age. In developed countries, while deaths from diarrhea are less common, these illnesses lead to hospitalization or doctor visits. The viruses which cause gastroenteritis are primarily from four distinct families -group A rotaviruses, caliciviruses, enteric adenoviruses and astroviruses. Other viruses, such as picobimaviruses and picomavirus (the Aichi virus) may also play a role. Viral gastroenteritis is still a burden of disease in most Asian countries. In many Asian coun tries, the most prevalent causative agent of viral gastroenteritis is rotavirus followed by norovirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, human astrovirus and aichi virus. The G1P[8] rotavirus and GII/4 norovirus are the most common genotypes responsible for acute gastroenteritis among Asian pediatric populations. The other interesting feature of this review article is the high prevalence of diarrheal viruses in developing countries (Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Vietnam, China) than in developed countries (Japan, South Korea). The molecular characterization of many of these gastroenteritis viruses has led to advances both in un derstanding of the pathogens themselves and in development of a new generation of diagnostics. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the molecular epidemiology of these viruses for controlling diarrheal diseases. The information in this review article should be useful for knowledge of diarrheal viruses, virus control, and viral vaccine design and provide clues to a strategy for developing vaccines against diarrheal viruses.