Regarding climate change, the world's most discussed issue for the last few decades, countries like Bangladesh are always noteworthy due to its susceptibility resulting from its geography, hazard proneness, and socioeconomic condition. Thus, this aimed to justify the hypothesis that Bangladesh has spatial diversity in sectors of Climate Change Vulnerability (CCV) by identifying the sectors of vulnerability and visualizing the spatial distribution of vulnerability through multivariate geospatial analysis in the GIS environment. For an integrated assessment of CCV, 38 indicators (socio-economic and biophysical) have been incorporated in the IPCC framework in raster form. Test statistics have shown Kiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value is 0.73 and the p-value of Bartlett's sphericity is 0. The principal component analysis resulted in 6 principal components with 73.52% total explained variance. Sectors of CCV are the Climatic extreme event vulnerability (PC1), Meteorological shift vulnerability (PC2), Infrastructure and demographic vulnerability (PC3), Ecological vulnerability (PC4), Flood vulnerability (PC5), and Economic vulnerability (PC6) with Cronbach's alpha 0.90, 0.81, 0.88, 0.72, 0.72, and 0.66 respectively. Among 3 clusters (Jenk's Natural break) of weighted averaged indices, the highly vulnerable cluster has shown that the PC1 has the highest magnitude with a score of 0.53-0.87, while the PC5 has the highest spatial coverage with 24 districts. The present study however is a new edition in climate vulnerability assessment in Bangladesh since it encompasses multivariate spatial analysis to demonstrate countrywide CCV. This study should be an important tool for setting adaptation and mitigation strategies from the root level to policymaking platforms of Bangladesh.

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Traditional crop-livestock interaction patterns were investigated in four different Upazila under Khulna District of Bangladesh during the period from March to April, 2002. Data on different parameters viz. number of livestock and poultry, medium of cultivation, use of fertilizer and pesticides for crop production, type of integrated farming system, rate of production, quantity and use of cowdung, etc. were collected from randomly selected 117 farm family heads and were analyzed using statistical package SPSS. Most of the farmers had integrated farming approaches of which crop-ruminant-poultry (39.3%) and crop-ruminant-poultry-fish (33.3%) were remarkable ones. The average number of cattle, goats, chicken and ducks per farm family were 5.66, 2.42, 18.34 and 6.47, respectively. The average rice yield was 5.37 t ha-1. Annual milk and egg production per farm family were 140.52 kg and 110.51 respectively. On average, 81.4% and 59.1% farmers used chemical fertilizer and pesticides respectively in crop production. Per cent of farmers practiced artificial insemination and vaccination for their livestock were 29.8% and 6.8% respectively. Forty six percent of families used cowdung as fuel and 1% as manure, whereas 53% used as both fuel and manure. The maximum crop and livestock productivity from available resources was achieved through integrating crops, animals and plants. Cowdung is recommended to apply more to crop fields instead of using as fuel. Proper utilization of crop residues and products as animal feed is also emphasized.

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