A triple-frequency operated concentric annular ring microstrip antenna which is single fed is presented. The proposed antenna with three concentric annular rings and two symmetrical notches on its outer ring and having a cross slot in its ground surface shows triple band at resonance frequency 1.22760, 1.57542, and 2.18 GHz, respectively. At the first two bands (GPS L2 and GPS L1), circular polarization characteristic is observed and the third band observes linear polarization finding its application in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). The complete dimension of the antenna designed and fabricated is only 51.6 × 51.6 × 1.6 mm3. Experimental results depict the proposed antenna gain of 3.31, 3.55, and 3.50 dBi in three bands, respectively, and closely matches with the theoretical results.

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A solar photovoltaic cell that is efficient and produces more power while taking up less area by absorbing high‐light energy. To improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell (PV), recombination technique is used in the absorption layers of the solar cell. The existing recombination techniques developed by the absorbers have weak interconnectivity, which may leads to defects, and efficiency is reduced due to the high resistance in diffusion length. So, “GNI‐doped PbS and MoS2 with ligands‐based PV structure” is proposed to improve the interconnection between the layers of the Solar cell. Here, gallium nitride (GaN) and indium nitride (InN) act as anode and cathode in first and third layer, to get the better interconnection by interchanging oxide ions where the Gallium Indium nitrate used as semiconductor. To improve the durability, second layer is doped with Bi3+ with Fe3+, which has a rhombohedral perovskite structure. Molybdenum di‐Sulfide (MoS2) is used in the last layer to improve light absorption. To maintain surface passivation, transformer‐based PV module with an HFC Thermal sub cell is employed in which Hydro Ferron chloride combined with Nano graphene platelets is to avoid Potential Induced Degradation and transformers to eliminate the stray current. While implementing, with very low cost the power conversion efficiency of proposed design increased upto 17%.