No abstract

No abstract

Background: Motherhood is associated with extra stress, and mothers of young children are particularly prone to developing depression and mental health problems. Methodology: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, from June to December 2019. Mothers of school-going children were recruited through a multistage sampling technique. Dhaka city was divided into two divisions and then further subdivided into public and private sectors. Six schools were selected from each sector by using a simple random sampling technique. A list of class five to eight students were collected from each school by systematic random sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. The rate of depressive symptoms was measured by the validated Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Result: A total of 324 women participated in this study; the majority of the women (85.5%) were Muslim, 67.0% were housewives, and 53.1% had a girl child. Among the women, 15.4% had mild, 22.2% had moderate, and 20.1% had severe depression. Most of the child's behavioral and lifestyle factors were associated with the mother's depression. Adjusted analyses indicate that if a child is often unhappy, depressed, or tearful )], gets nervous in new situations or easily loses confidence [(OR (95%CI) ¼ 5.45 (2.96-10.00)], often lies or cheats )], gets afraid easily [(OR (95%CI) ¼ 7.09 (3.79-13.24)], watches television for 3 h or more ] browses the internet for 3 h or more )] were associated with mother's depression. Conclusion:The study concludes that depression among the mothers of school-going children in Dhaka city of Bangladesh is high. Several lifestyles and behavioral factors of school-going children are significantly associated with the mothers' depression.

TiO2 and Cr–TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by the sol–gel method using titanium isopropoxide as the precursor of Titania. The prepared samples were analyzed by employing scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared analyses. Under UV irradiation, the photocatalytic activities of TiO2 and Cr–TiO2 were observed by estimating the % degradation of p-chlorophenol (PCP) as a sample pollutant. The extent of degradation was investigated, varying the catalyst dosage, initial PCP concentration, irradiation time, and solution pH. The experimental results show that efficiency of catalysts initially increases but decreases later on, whereas the % degradation of PCP is the highest at its lowest initial concentration. For TiO2 and Cr–TiO2 NPs at their optimal catalyst dosage of 2.0 g/L, acidic pH, and with UV irradiation for 90 min, the observed % degradation of PCP is 50.23 ± 3.12 and 66.51 ± 2.14%, respectively. Thus, the prepared Cr–TiO2 NPs have enhanced the degradation efficiency of PCP with an irradiation time which is four time less than those reported earlier. From the kinetics analysis, the degradation reaction of PCP is found to follow a pseudo-first-order model and the rate constants are 0.0075 and 0.0122 min–1 for pure TiO2 and Cr–TiO2 NPs, respectively. The present study has further revealed that owing to the lower rate of electron–hole pair recombination, the photocatalytic activity of Cr–TiO2 NPs becomes higher than that of TiO2. Therefore, as viable photocatalytic agents, Cr–TiO2 NPs are suggested to be used also for efficient degradation of other organic pollutants.

The international exchange program plays an important role in improving soft skills and helps graduates’ to be confident to compete in job market. Student can achieve a vast academic knowledge apart from extra-curricular and co-curricular skills through attending exchange program. Therefore, this paper aims at studying the development of students acquired soft skills and the barriers they face to achieve the goal through the exchange program. The data obtained from 87 students who participated in exchange program in different countries of Asia. Besides descriptive statistics, factor analysis was performed to identify the achieved soft skills through exchange program. This study reveals that, a large number of students were attending in exchange program at their own cost and most of the students were from the year 3. Indubitably, Exchange program helps to improve students’ soft skill such as; communication skill, team building ability, adaptability with situation. Moreover, lectures delivered to the students were found interesting. Results of the study are expected to motivate students attending in international exchange program and will offer a right direction to the students to get an expected outcome   Received: 22 June 2021 / Accepted: 13 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022