Background Soil nailing is a method in which soil slopes, excavations or retaining wall are passively reinforced by the insertion of relatively slender elements-normally steel reinforcing bars [1]. Such structural element which offers load transfer to the ground in excavation reinforcement application is called nail. The fundamental concept of soil nailing relies upon two possible mechanisms, both of which donating to improve stability of soil mass: the transfer of tensile forces generated in the nails through frictional interaction between the ground and the soil nail, and the development of shear stress and bending stiffness in the nails as a result of deformation of soil mass [2]. In the accumulation to the aforementioned mechanisms, the soil structure interaction between the facing and the soil helps to restrain displacement, limit decompression during and after excavation, and produce nail head load at the connection between the nail and the facing necessary to develop the force along the nail. The long term performance of soil nailed excavations
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