Objectives
With the increasing impact of cardiovascular disease among
populations aging with HIV, contemporary prevalence estimates for
predisposing metabolic comorbidities will be important for guiding the
provision of relevant lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. We
estimated the citywide prevalence of hypertension, type 2 diabetes,
dyslipidemia, and obesity; examined differences by demographic subgroups;
and assessed clinical correlates.
Methods
Utilizing an electronic medical record (EMR) database from the DC
Cohort – a multi-center prospective cohort study of HIV outpatients
– we assessed the period prevalence of metabolic comorbidities
between 2011–2015 using composite definitions that incorporated
diagnoses, pharmacy records, and clinical/laboratory results.
Results
Of 7,018 adult patients (median age 50 years; 77% black),
50% (95% CI: 49–51) had hypertension, 13%
(95% CI: 12–14) had diabetes, 48% (95% CI:
47–49) had dyslipidemia, and 35% (95% CI:
34–36) had obesity. Hypertension was more prevalent among blacks,
diabetes and obesity were more prevalent among females and blacks,
dyslipidemia was more prevalent among males and whites, and comorbidities
were more prevalent among older patients (all p<0.001). For many patients, evidence of treatment for these comorbidities was not available in the EMR. Longer time since HIV diagnosis, greater duration of
antiretroviral treatment, and having controlled immuno-virological
parameters were associated with metabolic comorbidities.
Conclusions
These findings underscore the pervasive burden of metabolic
comorbidities among HIV-infected persons, serve as the basis for future
analyses characterizing their impact on subsequent adverse cardiovascular
outcomes, and highlight the need for an increased focus on the prevention
and control of comorbid complications in this population.
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