The efficiency expected from any pesticide depends largely on the type of plant protection machine used in spraying and the operating parameters of the selected machine. Today, sprayers with different spraying wing width are widely used in field spraying. Especially with field sprayers with large working widths, it is difficult to work at high spraying speeds due to the wing width and wing weight. In this study, wingless field sprayer effectiveness was evaluated. Occasionally for spraying instead of sprayers with standard type field spraying booms, the field sprayers with commercial name Electropar, which are operated with high pressure and with oscillating nozzles are used. Since the sprayer has no wings, it can spray at high tractor speeds. optimum working width of this sprayer, pestisit distribution uniformity on a horizontal surface, etc. Its parameters are unknown. In this study, the optimum working width provided by the sprayer at different operating pressures and nozzle oscillation rates, and volumetric fluid distribution throughout the working width and optimum working parameters were determined. The three different working pressures (1, 2 and 3 MPa) and the transverse volumetric fluid distribution of the three jet nozzle units moving in opposite directions relative to each other on a horizontal ground at two oscillations (44 and 60 rpm) were determined by a portable patternator. Operation of the high-pressure cone jet nozzle unit at 1 MPa pressure and 60 rpm oscillating speeds provided a more uniform transverse distribution than other operating parameters. The increase in operating pressure caused an increase in the volume of fluid accumulated in the patternator's grooves at the same working height and sampling distance. The optimum working width, depending on the operating conditions specified by the boomless sprayer, varied between 11.20 and 12.80 m depending on the spray unit oscillating speed and spray pressure.

Sunburn, which is an important problem in agricultural products grown in arid and semi-arid regions, causes economic losses of up to 40-60% in some years. Sunburn occurs as a result of overheating of the surfaces of fruits exposed to high air temperature and solar radiation from the sun. Increase in the temperature stress for plants is observed during months of high temperature, this is one of the main reasons for many negative conditions (changes in fruit colour, cell death in plants, etc.) in fruits and leaves. While the shelf life of damaged agricultural products is shortened, deterioration is observed even in the storage stage. Today, different applications are made to reduce the sunburn in many kinds of fruits and sunburn damage can be significantly reduced as a result of these applications. For this purpose, it was aimed to reduce the temperature on the leaf surface by the application of kaolin clay (Trade name; Güneş Stop) applied to the plant surface at the beginning of the season. In the study; eight different concentrations of kaolin clay with tree application volume were applied and after the application, leaf samples of the citrus trees were taken from the predetermined regions, and the coverage rate was measured in an image processing program. From 8 different regions, 15 pieces of leaf were randomly taken from each region. The same process was carried out again by collecting leaf samples from the same regions after the rain; thus, the performance analysis of kaolin clay was determined after the rainfall. As a result of kaolin clay application; according to the results of image analysis of average leaf surface coverage rates obtained by regions and after the rainfall, the results obtained from the same regions showed that kaolin clay was washed at a rate of 39.64% with precipitation.

The pesticide droplets are carried to the tree canopy with the assist of the air flow which is generated by an axial fan of orchard sprayer. The designers manufacture the fan of orchard sprayer with ability of 6 different working conditions under constant PTO speed. Previous studies were related to evaluating the effectiveness of sprayers. In this study, 6 different options that presented to farmers was evaluated with view of energy consumption and air flow. A Conventional orchard sprayer having an axial fan with 36" diameter was operated at two fan revolutions (1890 and 2430 rpm) and at three blade angles (15º, 30º, 45º), and measured air capacity, the fuel consumption, variations of air velocities in air jet profile of the fan and calculated power consumption for each operating parameters potentially to be chosen by farmers. As a result, for each blade angle, if the fan speed increase, the air jet of the fan become more uniform than before. The maximum fan efficiency and system efficiency were %73,25 and %59,98 respectively which were obtained 30 o blade angle and 2430 rpm fan rotation speed condition. The minimum fuel consumption and torque need was obtained under conditions of 15 o blade angle and 1890 rpm fan rotation speed. However, considering maximum air capacity and the best air velocity uniformity in the profile of fan jet was established at, 45 o blade angle and 2430 rpm fan rotation speed operating parameters.