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Theoretical and experimental investigations of the dynamic behaviour of ground‐supported, deformable, cylindrical liquid storage tanks were conducted. The study was carried out in three phases: (I) a detailed theoretical treatment of the coupled liquid‐shell system for tanks rigidly anchored to their foundations; (II) an experimental investigation of the dynamic characteristics of full‐scale tanks; and (III) a development of an improved seismic design procedure.

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A method for analyzing the earthquake response of deformable, cylindrical liquid storage tanks is presented. The method is based on superposition of the free lateral vibrational modes obtained by a finite-element approach and a boundary solution technique. The accuracy of such modes has been confirmed by vibration tests of full-scale tanks. Special attention is given to the cos θ-type modes for which there is a single cosine wave of deflection in the circumferential direction. The response of deformable tanks to known ground motions is then compared with that of similar rigid tanks to assess the influence of wall flexibility on their seismic behavior. In addition, detailed numerical examples are presented to illustrate the variation of the seismic response of two different classes of tanks, namely, “tall” and “broad” tanks. Finally, the significance of the cos nθ-type modes in the earthquake response analysis of irregular tanks is briefly discussed.