Background: Non-small cell lung cancer is defined at the molecular level by mutations and alterations to oncogenes, including AKT1, ALK, BRAF, EGFR, HER2, KRAS, MEK1, MET, NRAS, PIK3CA, RET, and ROS1. A better understanding of non-small cell lung cancer requires a thorough consideration of these oncogenes. However, the complexity of the problem arises from high-dimensional gene vector space, which complicates the identification of cluster boundaries, and hence gene expression cluster membership. This paper aims to analyze potential biological biomarkers for tumorigenesis in lung cancer based on different treatment solutions. Results: Genes BRAF, RET, and ROS1 show an overexpression transition by one cluster from non-treatment to treatment states, followed by a stabilization in the 3 treatment states at the same cluster. Genes MET, ALK, and PIK3CA show an overexpression transition by two clusters from non-treatment to treatment states, followed by a stabilization in the 3 treatment states at the same cluster. SME1 shows an under-expression transition by two clusters from non-treatment to the treatment states, a stabilization in the 3 treatment states at the same cluster. Conclusions: We present a novel fusion-based approach for gene expression profiling of non-small cell lung cancer under non-thermal plasma treatment. The main contribution of the proposed approach is to exploit Dempster-Shafer evidence theory-based data fusion to combine information from different samples in the considered dataset. This minimizes uncertainty and enhances the reliability and validity of decisions, leading to a better description of genes related to non-small cell lung cancer. We also propose use of fuzzy c-means-with-range clustering to track changes of genes' states under different non-thermal plasma treatments. INDEX TERMS Gene expression, Dempster Shafer, evidence theory, data fusion, clustering, non-small cell lung cancer.

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Survival analysis refers to the general set of statistical methods developed specifically to model the timing of events. A popular regression model for the analysis of survival data is the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The Cox regression model is a semi parametric model, making fewer assumptions than typical parametric methods but more assumptions than those nonparametric methods. The main objective of this paper is to construct Cox proportional hazards regression model for examining the covariate effects on the hazard function and to determine the risk factors affecting the outcome of liver transplantation operation for end-stage liver disease. This article will focus on a review of (a) the Cox model and interpretation of its results, (b) assessment of the validity of the PH assumption, and (c) accommodating non-proportional hazards using covariate stratification. Cox PH model showed that the variables: Recipient age, Score, Ln_Creatinine, and GRWR are statistically significant and selected as significant factors for risk of death after liver transplantation operation. Also the scaled Schoenfeld residual displayed non-proportionality for variable Recipient Age and this variable needed to be stratified. And the Cox-Snell residual showed the Cox PH model does not fit these data adequately. So the stratified Cox model could be more appropriate to the current study. The stratified Cox model with interaction and with no interaction were applied and showed that the no-interaction model is acceptable at 0.05 level of significance and the variables Score , Ln_Creatinine are statistically significant and selected as significant factors for risk of death after liver transplantation operation at 0.05 level of significance.

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Background Although autologous bone grafting is still considered the ‘‘gold standard’’ in bony defect repair, the past century has seen significant advances in the development of valid alternatives to natural bone. Aim of the Work The purpose of the present study is to assess short term clinical and radiographic outcome of bone defect reconstruction by platelet gel mixed with hydroxy appetite/beta tri-calcium phosphate ( HA/B-TCP) bone substitutes after extended curettage. Patients and Methods we conducted a prospective study involving 20 patients underwent extended curettage and reconstructed by platelet gel mixed with HA/B-TCP bone substitutes. The mean follow up period was 18 months and MSTS score was used to evaluate the patients clinically and NEER classification system for radiological assessment. Results twelve patients of twenty showed excellent healing with NEER I , Six patients were classified as NEER II and Two patients showed recurrence and the mean MSTS score was 90.8-+9.9 . Conclusion reconstruction of the bone defect by bone substitute with platelet gel is a good option for avoidance the morbidity of the bone grafts.