INTRODUCTIONThe Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) plays a critical role in the regulation of cardiovascular function and development of cardiovascular-related diseases. Although it is best established for its role in the control of blood pressure and management of heart failure, evidence obtained from animal experiments and clinical trials suggests that it is involved in complex brain functions. A complete renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exists in the brain, which is distinctly separated from the peripheral system and comprises all necessary precursors and enzymes required for the formation and metabolism of the biologically active forms of angiotensin. Independent from the circulating system, angiotensin (ANG) II is produced locally within the brain and has been implicated in cardiovascular regulation and a variety of other physiological functions.Basic experiments suggest a role of brain angiotensin II in neural injury, neuroinflammation, and cognitive function and that RAS blockade attenuates cognitive impairment in rodents' dementia models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). ABSTRACT Background:The existence of an independent renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) has been well-established and is known to modulate various pathological processes such as neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and neural injury, in addition to the RAAS in the cardiovascular system. Methods: Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into 3 study groups (n=6; Losartan, Ramipril, Normal Saline), trained on the Cook's Pole climbing apparatus till the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) rate was 100%. The retention of CAR was tested each week for 4 consecutive weeks. The number of times that the animal successfully avoided the shock, and the time taken for this avoidance were measured and compared with placebo (Normal Saline). The values have been expressed as Mean±Standard Deviation (SD). A p-value of less than 0.05 has been considered as significant. Results: The retention of the conditioned avoidance response in the group receiving study drugs was significantly more than the placebo group. However, there was no show significant difference between Losartan and Ramipril in the rate of retention, or the time taken for avoidance. Conclusions: In this study, Ramipril and Losartan have a beneficial effect on learning and memory as compared to plcebo.