Background: Stroke is the third leading cause of disability among adult patients. Poor awareness regarding stroke emergencies and symptoms limits its effective therapy. School promotion of the essential knowledge about stroke manifestations may be beneficial, however little is known about its efficacy among Polish pupils. Therefore we aimed asses the effects of education campaign on of stroke knowledge among primary school kids. Methods: Dedicated educational campaign entitled "uDARuj Zdrowie" including 45 minutes lesson with movie presentation has been performed among pupils from III class of primary school. Kids answered the questionnaire of: 9 one-choice questions concerning stroke awareness and first aid procedures and 1 question regarding typical stroke symptoms before and +/-12 months after the lesson. Results: 287 kids participated in lessons, and 145 responded the questionnaire after the follow up. Median of correct answers regarding stroke awareness and first aid procedures were 5 (0-5) before and 6 (1-9) after the follow up (p < 0.01), including: cause of a stroke 32.12% vs. 37.41% (p < 0.01), immediate call for ambulance 62.21% vs. 82.44% (p < 0.01) and therapeutic time window 89.21% vs. 95.83% (p < 0.01). Median of recognized stroke symptoms was 2 before and 4 after the follow up (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Dedicated educational campaign improves kids knowledge about stroke symptoms and procedures. Basic stroke education should be implemented in primary education. 2. Predictors of an early diagnosis of total occlusion of infarct-related artery in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)

Background: The angiogenesis process is usually strictly related to inflammation, both in the case of physiological and pathological conditions, such as wound healing or cardiovascular diseases, respectively. Typically, the generation of new vessels in almost all states is accompanied by increased vascular permeability, in both physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, this increased leakiness of endothelium is promoted by a variety of mechanisms including endothelial cell proliferation and migration. The aim of the study was to elucidate the mechanism of inflammation-related disruption of cell-cell junctions. Methods: We used primary human coronary artery endothelial cells derived from healthy 23-years old white male treated with tumour necrosis factor alpha. Activation of endothelial cells was confirmed by detection of functional E-selectin and VCAM-expression using antibody-coated magnetic beads as well as by co-culture with Jurkat T-cells. Changes in cell migration were investigated using in vitro tube formation, transwell migration, wound healing and open field migration assays. Changes in cell-cell and cell-ECM junctions were confirmed by fluorescence labelling of junctional proteins and actin cytoskeleton. Oligomerization of Claudin-5 was confirmed by immunoblot. The results obtained on fixed cells were compared with live-cell imaging experiments. Results: Induction of the surface and intracellular expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 and co-culture with Jurkat T-cells confirmed that TNFa activates pHCAECs and induces flattening, firm adhesion and further migration of T-cells on the endothelial monolayer. Furthermore, endothelial activation leads to a change in the organization of F-actin from star-like pattern to linear stress fibers, which affects both cell migration and tube formation on Matrigel. Moreover, creation of stress fibers was associated with the formation of 'discontinuous', or spot-like, cell-cell junctions. All those changes together led to the mechanical breakdown of cell-cell connections in ROCK-dependent manner. We also observed the breakage of retraction resulted in release of migrasome-like structures, which stayed in the place of previous cell-cell junction or were taken up by surrounding cells. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that rebuilding of cell-cell junctions during endothelial cell migration involves mechanical breakdown of AJs through elevated F-actin polymerization accompanied by increased cell-ECM adhesion. In addition, we indicated the possible role of cell-cell junction-mediated signalization throughout the migration of TNFa-activated endothelial cells. Furthermore, we suggest that inflammation-induced angiogenesis is mechanistically similar to early cellular mechanism of atherosclerosis.

The implementation of scientific knowledge, as a part of applied science, should be aimed at developing practical applications for many fields of natural world (e.g. medicine, pharmacy, cosmetology, food industry etc.). Consequently, in the case of separation techniques the evaluation of separation medium comprises an essential part of analytical methods improvement. Significant efforts have been made over the last few years to achieve stationary phases imitated natural matter (e.g. biological membrane) as well as endogenous compounds (e.g. amino acids).Specificity of chemically bonded ligands in the case of new materials enables receiving a so-called dedicated stationary phases. Moreover, structural similarity of the immobilized ligands with the desired group of analytes determine the high specificity and selectivity of prepared stationary phases. Therefore, the investigations in accordance with the "3S" assumption -similarity, selectivity, and specificity -allow the development of a new generation of separation materials.The chemical immobilization of amino acids and peptides -one of the most essential compounds in life science allow the preparation of materials that exhibit unique interactions with amino acids and peptides as a analytes and beyond. The amino acids-and peptides-silica stationary phases show high selectivity for other groups of biologically significant compounds, i.e. carbohydrates, nucleosides, flavonoids, optical active compounds. Furthermore, stationary phases prepared in compliance with "3S" assumption exhibit wide range of applicability in separation techniques (RP HPLC, HILIC, IC). This approach also includes the preparation of stationary phases containing in the structure specific functional groups characteristics for biological membrane. The development of this type of materials enables the modeling of the transport of substances through the biomembrane, e.g. blood/brain barrier. On the other side, stationary phases imitating membrane lipids provide unique selectivity according to lipids separation, especially phospholipids.As a consequence, the natural biological systems provide a significant center of inspiration for development of chromatographic methods. Based on the principles that governed natural world, it is possible to obtain desired similarity, selectivity, and specificity that determine the resolution of separation methods. The metabolomic data collected using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS or LC/TOF-MS)can provide signal intensities for a large number of compounds (peaks) present in set of samples (i.e. control and experimental). However, such large metabolomic data sets are usually difficult to interpret, due to the small sample sizes; search for effects (e.g. differences between control and experimental group) that are small; and considering a large number of hypotheses without paying enough attention to the problem of multiple comparisons. It might lead and often leads to conclusions (e.g. biomarker identification) that a...

Background: Acute corona ry syndromes (ACS) are the most common cause of death worldwide. The available data suggest that reactive oxygen