The paper deals with the dynamic analysis of human arm, determination of shoulder and elbow torques considering isotonic and isokinetic exercise activities. Using Lagrangian-Euler method for dynamic equation of motions, code in MATLAB are developed which can be used to give torques encountered at shoulder and elbow joints for the respective trajectories obtained for different cases. Video tracking and motion capture techniques are used and clippings are analysed using NexGen Ergomaster tool. The results obtained for isokinetic flexion are in tune with those obtained by other researcher.

Application of Robotics in the field of medical has gained a strong footing apart from manufacturing industries, sheep-shearing, agriculture, nuclear power industries, fire-fighting, mining, underseas applications, outerspace and other application. In the present work Dynamic equation of motions of a robot arm are considered using Lagrangian-Euler formulation and programs in C, C++ and MATLAB are developed. The program encompasses the Torque, Centrifugal and Coriolis and Gravity force applied to the leg of a human being which is compared to robot manipulator. For the purpose of analysis cases of a human being lifting weight is considered. The results obtained by the program are compared with those obtained by some of the researcher

Terrestrial locomotion is fundamentally classified into three sorts: wheeled, legged, and limbless. In this paper a systematic approach has been made to develop a less expensive, off-road and self-governing crawling-climbing robot. The proposed design of the robot is limbless and modular which provides an opportunity to perform different locomotion by taking inspiration from biological systems. In the present study, two different variants of the modular limbless robot have been discussed with two different locomotion gaits which have been presented and illustrated through multiple experiments. The climbing environment is confined in a ferromagnetic flat plane by providing switchable electromagnets to the front and rear modules. Finally, a brief comparison between 2D and 3D body undulation has also been carried out.

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