Fourier ptychographic microscopy allows for the collection of images with a high space-bandwidth product at the cost of temporal resolution. In Fourier ptychographic microscopy, the light source of a conventional widefield microscope is replaced with a light-emitting diode (LED) matrix, and multiple images are collected with different LED illumination patterns. From these images, a higher-resolution image can be computationally reconstructed without sacrificing field-of-view. We use deep learning to achieve single-shot imaging without sacrificing the space-bandwidth product, reducing the acquisition time in Fourier ptychographic microscopy by a factor of 69. In our deep learning approach, a training dataset of high-resolution images is used to jointly optimize a single LED illumination pattern with the parameters of a reconstruction algorithm. Our work paves the way for high-throughput imaging in biological studies.

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -Pressure is growing globally for larger businesses to improve the energy performance of the buildings in which they operate. Property or facility managers are usually responsible for these improvements through energy-led refurbishment. The number and complexity of possible interventions pose challenges that these professionals attempt to meet by using decision support tools (DSTs). The work aims to identify key features of DSTs for energy-led building refurbishment and define an optimum approach. Design/methodology/approach -A desk study examined ten DSTs reported in the available literature and evaluated them against a set of desirable attributes that a property or facility manager would value for this task. Findings -The results of the desk study concluded that no DST offers every feature and that there is an opportunity for a new DST for energy-led refurbishment. An optimum DST template is proposed, consisting of a seven-step process from assessment of the existing state of the building through to continuous evaluation and improvement of the refurbished building. Originality/value -The work combines the best features of available DSTs into a novel optimised strategy for energy-led refurbishment of non-domestic buildings, which is geographically non-specific and could be applied anywhere in the world.

Innovative and efficient refurbishment offers significant carbon savings and is a growing activity, driven by Government imposing energy or carbon related standards and policies upon building owners. Many businesses are becoming aware of the wider benefits of these improvements and therefore, their requirements as construction industry clients are changing. Built environment professionals need to recognize this change to remain competitive. This paper considers the question of whether there is a need for a re-alignment of disciplines within the industry to fulfill this growing role. A desk study, supported by structured interviews with users of large, non-domestic buildings and with industry professionals concluded that there is a role within the construction industry for a new built environment professional. A competence specification for this professional was defined and this paper outlines the skill set and knowledge base that this individual would require in order to deliver a truly innovative, comprehensive and compatible intervention set within an energy led refurbishment.

In the context of the energy-led refurbishment of traditionally-constructed non-domestic buildings, the purpose of the work was to identify the attributes that professionals consider to be important in the selection of energy performance improvement measures, and to establish their relative importance. Methodology A questionnaire-based Delphi exercise was carried out in order to draw up a set of attributes agreed among a small panel of experts. Subsequently a paired comparison questionnaire was completed by the experts to establish the relative importance ascribed to the attributes. Findings 22 assessment attributes, relevant to different stages in the building's life-cycle, were agreed as important by the expert panel. Measures fell into one of three broad groups, expressed on a weighting scale of 0-100, such that the sum of the weights of all 22 measures was 100. Measures of relatively high importance (7-9%) included capital cost, potential energy and carbon savings, financial payback and impact on the building's vapour permeability. Measures of medium importance (4-5%) were impact on internal air movement, loss of significant original building fabric, impact on internal layout, appearance and occupant 2 comfort, environmental impact and availability of grants or subsidies. Eight further measures were ranked of low importance (2-3%). Originality/value This paper is the first attempt to draw up a ranking order of the attributes of energy performance improvement measures, applicable to non-domestic buildings. It confirms that more attributes must be considered by professionals with decision-making responsibility than merely cost, energy performance and payback on investment, and suggests that policy instruments targeting or incentivising a single or a restricted range of attributes risk failure to deliver the desired improvements.