<p><em><span>Notwithstanding the empirical evidence that Nigerian academic staff utilized email as one of asynchronous virtual communications, recent studies pointed that low productivities were still witnessed by them due to email inability of giving them timely responses as viable means of communication. Therefore, this study was necessitated for redefining immediacy effects towards reaching email satisfactory communication among South-East Nigerian academic staff. Qualitative investigative study via case study was conducted towards soliciting their views on how to redefine immediacy for email satisfactory communication. The major findings of the study demonstrated that effective internet availability and affordable subscriptions, homophilous patterns of communications, content structure strategy, enhancing regularly email checking awareness, and power supply availability were the immediate remedies for achieving email satisfactory communication. The study eventually recommended that these factors should be taken into considerations by them towards attaining email satisfactory communication and in other asynchronous virtual communication mediums.</span></em></p>

Media violence is related to media presentation of aggressive and violent behaviour directed at characters in the media story. Specifically, researchers have identified evidence that children's exposure to television violence is directly related to immediate and later aggressive behaviour. The relationship between television exposure and students; aggression behavior has not been studied extensively in Iranian elementary students. The purpose of this study was to assess the relative effects of television exposure on aggression behaviour among elementary students in Iran.A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 424 primary school students

Since the period followed the September 11 in 2001 attack, and the second Palestinian uprising in 2000, Hollywood has produced many movies representing the Arab. The representation was shown in certain positions and scenes in the movie to give a certain meaning. Further, most of these previous studies have studied the personality in Hollywood movies combined with Arab characters. However, this study seeks to explore the behavioural attributes of the Palestinian character represented in Hollywood feature movies from the year 2000 to 2014 in detailed analysis. A literature analysis reviewed Arab representations in Hollywood movies. The quantitative approach is adopted as well as the data has been collected by employing the quantitative content analysis through using a coding sheet. The sample selection of this study is total population sampling. The unit analysis is 71 scenes that include and involve Palestinian character(s) within the five Hollywood feature movies. This study has approved that after the second Palestinian uprising in 2000 and September 2001 attack, the Palestinian behavioural attributes began to change. Thus, the behavioural attributes of The Palestinian character have represented in more complexity than the previous representation. Additionally, this study has observed that, after the September attack, Hollywood has modified the Palestinian behavioural representation. Keywords: Palestinian, stereotype, terrorism, Hollywood movies, Palestinian behavioural.

Privatisation Policy (1983) has urged television (TV) stations to compete for their survival in generating income from advertising. Furthermore, this policy has imposed TV Al Hijrah in a dilemma because of its establishment as a non-profit TV