A woody plant functional trait that directly affects its fitness and environment is decisive to ensure the success of an Agroforestry practice. Hence, recognizing the woody plant functional traits is very important to boost and sustain the productivity of the system when different plants are sharing common resources, like in Agroforestry system. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to understand how woody plant functional traits contribute to sustainable soil management in Agroforestry system and to give the way forward in the case of Ethiopia. The contribution of woody plant species in improving soil fertility and controlling soil erosion is attributed by litter accumulation rate and the season, decomposability and nutrient content of the litter, root physical and chemical trait, and spread canopy structure functional trait. However, spread canopy structure functional trait is used in coffee based Agroforestry system, while with management in Parkland Agro forestry System. Woody species of Agroforestry system added a significant amount of soil TN, OC, Av.P, K, Na, Ca, and Mg nutrients to the soil. Woody plant species of Agroforestry system and their functional traits are very important to ensure sustainable soil management. Thus, further investigation of the woody plant functional traits especially the compatibility of trees with cops is needed to fully utilize the potential of woody species for sustainable soil management practice.

To attain effective utilization of water in different sectors, understanding and applying the new concept of water management tools like water footprint analysis is mandatory. Hence, this study aims to estimate green and blue water footprint for selected major cereal and vegetable crops in Salale Zone. Ten year (2011-2020) climatic, crop yield, and cultivated area data were collected. Green and blue water footprints (m 3 /ton), average water footprint per-kilogram of each crops product (m 3 /kg), and their Zonal level total water footprints (m 3 /ton) were estimated. The results indicated that both green and blue water footprint was greater than benchmark value for each considered crops though blue water was highly utilized in the Zone for production of vegetable crops than cereal. At Zonal level, average total water footprint for the major crops was estimated to 14,417.35 m 3 /ton from which 86% accounts for cereal. From the comparison of average Zonal water footprint with the benchmark, the estimated values for each crop was higher than the benchmark which indicated less efficient utilization of green and blue water. Hence, for effective management and utilization of water, applying the concept of water footprint is essential to account water use in production of a given crop.