The fields of cultural psychiatry and global mental health have distinct lineages but share domains of interest. The movement for global mental health has been successful in making mental health a priority in global health and securing grants to study interventions in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Lessons learned from global mental health efforts in LMICs are relevant to addressing health disparities and improving care for vulnerable populations in high-income countries. These interventions stress community collaboration in designing and delivering mental health care, integration of mental health into primary care settings, and engagement of trained and supervised nonspecialist health workers in care delivery. The framework of structural competence provides a path forward for psychiatry to collaborate with community organizations to adapt global interventions to local settings. [Psychiatr Ann. 2018;48(3):149-153.] G lobal mental health and cultural psychiatry both have roots in the field of comparative psychiatry. Its early practitioners included Emil Kraepelin, a German psychiatrist considered the father of modern psychiatric classification, and W.H.R. Rivers, a British psychiatrist and anthropologist. These physicians undertook the first major expeditions in comparative psychiatry at the turn of the 19th century. 1 Rivers traveled to the Torres Strait between Papua New Guinea and Australia to study mental illness and healing among its residents. Rivers eventually used this work to develop treatments for mental health problems experienced by British soldiers in World War I. 1 Around the same time, Kraepelin traveled to Jakarta, Indonesia, to study the mental health of Javanese patients in a Dutch asylum and compared their symptoms to those of his German patients. 2 He used his