Orthodontic treatment is aimed at improving facial and dental appearances as well as enhancing the relationships of the teeth and skeletal bases to each other.The goal of early treatment is to correct existing or developing skeletal, dentoalveolar and muscular imbalances.Class II malocclusion is one of the most common orthodontic problems.There are a number of modalities available for managing Class II malocclusions. Some of the more common options include extraoral traction appliances, arch expansion appliances, extraction procedures, functional jaw orthopaedic appliances and orthognathic surgery. The most commonly used removable functional appliances are activator, frankel and twin block. The Aim of the study is to find out the prevalence of various removable functional appliances used in SDC. A Universitybased study was conducted among 32 patients with removable functional appliances in the age group of 5 to 40 years from June 2019 to March 2020. Data collection was done by reviewing the patient records and analysing the data of 32 patients, the Variables collected included the age, gender and the type of removable functional appliance used. The data was entered into Excel tabulation was done, statistical analysis was done using SPSS and Pearson chi-square test. Total 32 patients undergoing removable functional therapy were chosen out of which 14 were females and 18 were males.Twin block was found to be the most prevalent appliance with 62.5% followed by activator (15.63%), frankel (9.38%) and other appliances were 12.5%. Within the limits of this Study, it was concluded that the twin block is the most commonly used removable functional appliance.

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The "gate control" theory suggests pain can be reduced by simultaneous activation of nerve fibers that conduct nonnoxious stimuli. Local anaesthesia can be an anxiety inducing or a fearful experience. Vibration technique has been used for many years to reduce the pain. Patients were subjected to local anaesthetic injections after one of the following mucosal preparations. Three infiltration injections were given for each patient in three different quadrants between first and the second premolars. During the first injection direct infiltration was given without the application of topical anesthesia, then while injecting the second injection 20% benzocaine topical anesthesia was applied for 2 minutes and with application of vibrating stimulus the third infiltration was given. Patients were then given a score on the injection discomfort after each administration on a visual analogue scale. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS and Pearson chi-square test was performed. Results show that application of topical anaesthesia was better than vibrating device. Based on the results it is conclusive that the topical application is better than vibration stimulus.

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The most commonly used material in dentistry is Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) which has excellent properties like physical and mechanical properties but this material is rarely used in pure form as it has relatively poor wear resistance and heat resistance. The ideal properties of fixed partial denture (FPD) base material should have superior surface texture and mechanical properties. The wear resistance of heat cure provisional and CAD-CAM provisional vary greatly based on their properties. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the wear resistance in heat cure provisional and cad-cam provisional fixed partial denture. Eight samples each of heat cure provisional and CAD-CAM milled FPD are prepared. The samples are then run for 8 hours in a brushing simulator with a toothpaste to check for its wear resistance .The pre test and post test measurement of its wear resistance is done using laser scan. The wear resistance is more for the CAD-CAM provisional FPD as compared to the heat cure provisional FPD. Pre treatment and post treatment cuspal thickness shows a vast difference in heat cure provisional. However the pre treatment and post treatment cuspal thickness reduction is minimal in CAD CAM provisional FPD. CAD CAM provisional FPD showed better wear resistance than heat cured provisional FPD. Hence CAD CAM prosthesis should be preferred over the heat cured FPD.