Metabolic syndrome consists of a group of risk factors characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and prothrombotic and proinflammatory conditions. Raw garlic homogenate has been reported to reduce serum lipid levels in animal model; however, no precise studies have been performed to evaluate the effect of raw crushed garlic (Allium sativum L.) on components of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of raw crushed garlic on components of metabolic syndrome. A total of 40 metabolic syndrome patients were randomly selected from the diabetic center of SP Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. They underwent treatment with 100 mg/kg body weight raw crushed garlic 2 times a day with standard diet for 4 weeks; their anthropometric and serum biochemical variables were measured at both the beginning and the end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20, and Student's paired "t" test was used to compare variables before and after treatment with garlic preparation. Raw crushed garlic significantly reduced components of metabolic syndrome including waist circumference (p < .05), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < .001), triglycerides (p < .01), fasting blood glucose (p < .0001) and significantly increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < .0001). There was no significant difference found in body mass index (p > .05) of patients with metabolic syndrome after consumption of raw crushed garlic for 4 weeks. Raw crushed garlic has beneficial effects on components of metabolic syndrome; therefore, it can be used as an accompanying remedy for prevention and treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome.

In the present experimental study, the effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (TFG) seeds powder on experimentally induced hyperlipidemia in rabbits was investigated. Twenty albino rabbits were randomly, equally divided into two groups and fed pure cholesterol (0.5g/kg body weight/day) for the period of eight weeks to develop hyperlipidemia. Group-I (control) and Group-II received a normal diet with 2 mL normal saline and 2 mL aqueous emulsified TFG seeds powder (500 mg/kg body weight/day) for four weeks, respectively. Lipid profile and weight were measured at baseline after eight weeks and at the end of the study (12 weeks). Atherogenic indices were calculated by Friedewalds formula. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM: SPSS version 20, and student t test was used to compare variables between groups. After eight weeks of study period, cholesterol feeding was discontinued and hyperlipidemic value was compared with the initial baseline data. Significant increase in body weight and lipid profile variables were observed in the two groups, while there was a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). After the end of the study (12 weeks), the aqueous emulsified fenugreek (TFG) seeds powder reduced significantly the serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the atheriogenic index (P < 0.001), with significant increase in the HDL-C (P < 0.001) in experimentally hyperlipidemic rabbits (P < 0.001) as compared to control group, whereas no significant differences were observed in the triglyceride very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and body weight (P > 0.05) of both groups. It was concluded that fenugreek seeds powder had a significant hypolipidemic effect in experimentally-induced hyperlipidemic rabbits.

The objective of this study was to compare the respiratory symptoms and pulmonary functions of dust-exposed street sweepers with those of unexposed individuals. Materials and Methods: This Cross Sectional Study was done in the Department of Physiology, RNT Medical College, Udaipur. 84 individuals were selected via simple random sampling. These sweepers worked 8 h each day, 6 days a week, without using respiratory protective equipment. In addition to the exposure group, 80 employees with no occupational exposure to respiratory pollutants were randomly chosen from the office workers in the municipality as the control group. Participants underwent detailed direct interview, providing information of chronic respiratory symptoms, cigarette smoking, exercise history & occupational exposure along with complete physical examination. Results and Conclusion: non-smoker Street cleaners and non-smoker Control subjects are similar in Anthropometric terms like Age, Height and Weight. While there is statistically significant decrease in PEFR, FEV1 and FEF 25%-75% with FVC not decreased significantly among these groups. It means that non-smoker Street cleaners who were working for more than five years had developed Obstructive pattern(FEV1/ FVC ratio <80%) impairment of Lung functions. smoker Street cleaners and smoker Control subjects are similar in term of Age, Height and Weight. There is significant decrease in FEV1 and FEF 25%-75% while FVC is not changed significantly among these two groups. It means that smoker Street cleaners who were working for more than last five years had also developed Obstructive pattern (FEV1/ FVC ratio <80%) impairment of Lung functions. In conclusion, it may be said that exposure to dust in sweepers has an immediate irritating effect on the respiratory tract, leading to some degree of lung function impairment.

, i.e. from MBBS batch admitted in 2019 and studying currently in first year MBBS, shall continue with existing Curriculum. The novel coronavirus (SAR-CoV2) pandemic has resulted in the interruption of on-campus education activities like teaching-learning and assessments. With this sudden change in curriculum and COVID 19 pandemic, in order to continue medical education curriculum an online teaching strategies was designed and implemented to meet the challenges. This paper aims to share the early initial experience of Novel ways of online teaching in the setting of a global emergency (COVID-19) for medical students. This article will serve as a model for other institutes looking for continuing medical education in situations like COVID 19 that disrupt traditional teaching.

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