Increasing the yield and economical efficiency of grain legumes in the Guinea-Savannah zone of Cameroon is a high researcher priority to assist growers in the rural areas. We report here a two-years study in the production process of fertilizer containing rhizobia for a sustainable production of grain legumes in the region. To address the issue, nodulation and rhizobia strains characterization were assessed at Dang and Wakwa, two soils different in trapping rhizobia partners for groundnut, bambara groundnut, cowpea and soybean. This was a prerequisite step in the determination of the most efficient rhizobia strains for biofertilizer production. Results indicate that all the four grain legumes differently formed nodules in their roots system in the two experimental soils. Cowpea and soybean demonstrated a highly significant (p 0.001) potential in fixing atmospheric nitrogen through their nodules than groundnut and bambara groundnut. The dry weight of nodules in groundnut and bambara groundnut was significantly lower (0.0001 < p 0.038) than that of cowpea and soybean in the two soils. When rhizobia were isolated from root nodules of plant species, the number of isolates ranged from 2 to 4 per grain legumes. All the isolates were convex in elevation, smooth/humid on the surface, with regular edges, except one groundnut colony from wakwa soil. The colonies were either whitish for soybean, whitish/yellowish for cowpea, groundnut and bambara groundnut. The rhizobia biofertilizer produced for each grain legumes were stored in the refrigerator for field tests. This is a step forward for further molecular characterization of isolates to enable production of elite inoculum in the region.

Abstract:In order to reduce the increase of fuel prices, and improve the living conditions of the population, a study was carried out by Convention No. 1/IRAD/PCS ESA2-SDCC in the region of Garoua in Cameroon. The study aimed to characterize the behaviour of J. curcas associated with V. unguiculata in marginal soils in the Sahel region in order to improve the livelihoods of the farmers and promote its domestication in rural areas. It also aimed at pointing out the influence of two implantation techniques of J. curcas on the germination, the different quantities of NPK and cow dung, planting techniques and association with V. unguiculata var. lori on growth parameters of development and yield of J. curcas on the degraded marginal soils in the region. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with five levels of fertilization (F0: control; F1: 50 g; F2: 100 g of NPK 15-20-15; F3: 1 kg and 2 kg of cow dung) per plant. Two types of establishment propagator (Ge) and direct seedling (Se) with three replications were used. Data were analysed by Stratigraphic + and XLSTAT. Results showed that the propagator germination was higher than the direct seeding, 95% and 40% respectively. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the parameters of growths and yield of J. curcas showed high correlation between the production of the leaves and the length of the leaves (R = 0.861; P ≤ 0.001). These parameters were correlated with the Biplot (F1 and F2) to 53.24%. It was opposed to the positives and imperfect correlation between the height and the recover parameters (R = 0.486; P ≤ 0.05). The treatments 100 g of NPK per plant and 2 kg of cow dung per plant induced strongly the development and yield of J. curcas and V. unguiculata adapted to marginal soils.

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The present work aims to show the biodiversity of traditional vegetables consumed by the people of the Nyong and Kelle division by an inventory. Traditional vegetables are those vegetables which originate from a locality or imported from another area, but are consumed by the people of the locality for many years (between twenty five and thirty) years. The consumption habit is transmitted from generation to generation. These vegetables become the heritage of the people consuming them. Some traditional vegetables are been abandoned nowadays in a way that if nothing is done they will disappear and this will lead to the loss of the food identity of this people. A systematic survey was carried out to identify the traditional vegetables found in the markets and crop farms in ten sub divisions of the Nyong and kelle division. In all 25traditional vegetables were recorded and fell under 15 botanical families according to the Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III classification. According to parts of vegetables consumed 76% leafy, 12% fruit, 4%seed, 4% stem and 4% root vegetables were recorded .76% of the vegetables was cultivated and 14%was not cultivated. Some vegetables were used in folk medicine by the people to heal certain illnesses. The abandoned vegetables have to be encouraged for sustainable development and for the preservation of the food identity of the people of the Nyong and kelle division.

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