This study examines the relationship of e-procurement i.e., e-payment, e-tendering, e-invoicing and e-customer relationship management on the performance of supply chain management. It is observed that previously it is quite a time-consuming and energy absorbing activity as well as it is inefficient too. With the introduction of e-procurement in the organization, the overall process can be less time consuming as well as it is also very much efficient in order to do all procurement related activities in a timely manner. In this research it has been analyzed that e-procurement is a key role in future for companies as there are many companies already switching their supply chain management process into e-procurement activities as it can be proved in the previous studies that shows how important e-procurement is on the supply chain management and its performance. Present studies attempt the best possibilities with the effect of e-procurement steps which are in practices in supply chain process in Pakistan and manufacturing sector. Through the help of SPSS software, we are able to find the impact of supply chain with e-procurement variables which has a positive impact on supply chain management and results are agreed with the findings of research. The results show that the four electronic variables of E-Procurement are essential factor which directly reduce uncertainty in supply chain functions increase supply chain activities and practices, fast moving process, fast moving supply chain order, fulfillment of orders with quick and improve supply chain performance.

Safety stock and safety time are two well-known stock buffering solutions of material requirements planning (MRP) processes to mitigate against supply and demand uncertainty. While the significance of proper inventory in managing change has been extensively researched, supply chain management research on safety period has gotten less attention. Earlier operations quantitative studies, in particular, have often evaluated the utilization of such stock buffers separately, rather than combined. Considering dynamic demands and stochastic timescales, the authors present the decision support system (DSS) that handle the efforts to integrate appropriate safety stock and safety time judgments at the system level in multi-item single-stage multi -supplier industrial supply chains. The DSS concept is formulated as a mixed bi-objective approach that optimizes upstream storage costs and -service levels at the same time, presenting decision-makers with alternative not dominated feasible solutions.

This study explores and observe the experiences and believes of students regarding online education system. The study was conducted online in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The phenomenological technique of the study tried to incorporate patron notion via manner of online education through different systems in education industry as to fascinate maximum students, and additionally to satisfy the educational needs of students by taking online classes. This study is qualitative in nature, primary and secondary source of codes are selected, examined and interpreted. The data collected by using structured interviews (Close ended questionnaire) has been supported by relevant secondary literature that further supported to conduct qualitative research based on phenomenology. The online education in Pakistan Karachi has great importance, it’s a growing phenomenon, but facing hurdles of time comments from trainer; isolation, lack of self-law, unapproachable technical useful resource from trainers, and lack of self-motivation among students. This study gets beneath the parameters of educational credential to provide a motive behind the comprehensive functionality of the online education system. Keywords: Students, Perception, Online education, Qualitative, Online Classes, Virtual.