Conventional dressings are cost-effective and highly absorbent, but not effectual enough to promote hemostasis, adherence and in holding a moist wound bed. Thanks to the developments in the field of nanotechnology and bioengineering, one of the promising current trends is to move progress of innovative wound dressings, merging the application of traditional healing agents and modern products/ practices, such as hydrocolloids, hydrogels, films and nanofibers. This review surveys on potentials of electrospun nanofibrous mats for wound dressing applications. Furthermore, loading of bioactive molecules and therapeutic agents into the nanofibrous mats especially natural compounds with the aim of fabrication novel bioactive electrospun nanofibrous mats for skin substitutes and wound dressings are discussed. Systematic literature search was conducted to review all recent progress toward the potential of natural substances incorporated with electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for wound dressing applications. The electrospun nanofibers webs can provide the essential parameters require for wound dressing to heal wounds including absorptivity, oxygen permeability, and non-adherence to the healing tissue, barrier to bacteria, bioactivity and occlusivity. The modern wound dressings materials made of electrospun nanofibers contain various traditional healing agents such as plant derived compounds could be beneficial to the healing of wounds. Natural substances have been used in skin wound care for many years because of their therapeutic properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and mitogenic activities. A screening of natural substances with plant or animal sources having high wound healer activities and cooperating with electrospun nanofiber are an important step toward producing innovative bioactive wound dressings.

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Autologous bone grafts are commonly used as the gold standard to repair and regenerate diseased bones. However, they are strongly associated with postoperative complications, especially at the donor site, and increased surgical costs. In an effort to overcome these limitations, tissue engineering (TE) has been proposed as an alternative to promote bone repair. The successful outcome of tissue engineering depends on the microstructure and composition of the materials used as scaffold. Decellularized bone matrix-based biomaterials have been applied as bioscaffolds in bone tissue engineering. These biomaterials play an important role in providing the mechanical and physical microenvironment needed by cells to proliferate and survive. Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can be used as a powder, hydrogel and electrospun scaffolds. These bioscaffolds mimic the native microenvironment due to their structure similar to the original tissue. The aim of this review is to highlight the bone decellularization techniques. Herein we discuss: (1) bone structure; (2) properties of an ideal scaffold; (3) the potential of decellularized bone as bioscaffolds; (4) terminal sterilization of decellularized bone; (5) cell removing confirmation in decellularized tissues; and (6) post decellularization procedures. Finally, the improvement of bone formation by dECM and the immunogenicity aspect of using the decellularized bone matrix are presented, to illustrate how novel dECM-based materials can be used as bioscaffold in tissue engineering. A comprehensive understanding of tissue engineering may allow for better incorporation of therapeutic approaches in bone defects allowing for bone repair and regeneration.