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How to cite this paper: Mehdi Zohdi Aghdam. (2022) Effect of End-of-Season Drought Stress on Grain Yield and Some Morphological Traits in Wheat Genotypes Hexaploid Tolerant and Sensitive to Stress.

In this research, cytogenetica characteristics of H. tuberoses and H. annuus including chromosomal morphology‚ shape‚ size‚ number of satellite were studied. Caryotypic analysis of H. tuberosus showed that this species with genome formula of 2n = 6x = 102 is a hexaploid. In these species, average length of a haploid chromosomes set was 230. 415 ± 3.311 (µ). Out of 51 pairs of chromosomes 34 were identified metacentric‚ 14 pairs sub metacentric and 3 pairs sub acrocentric. Among them 3 pairs satellite chromosomes were observed. The karyotype analysis of H. annuus showed that it is a diploid species 2n = 2x = 34. Average length of haploid chromosome set was 75.682 ± 2.995 (µ). Out of 17 pairs of chromosomes‚ 11 pairs were metacentric‚ 2 pairs sub metacentric and 4 pairs were sub acrocentric. Among them, 2 pairs of satellite were observed. The karyotype analysis of these two species showed that there are some differences in the chromosomes morphology‚ number and kind of metacentric‚ sub metacentric and sub acrocen-tric‚ number of satellite‚ arm ratio index and chromosomal formula.

Today, the growing population has caused more human needs for food, which has led to the expansion of agricultural production and adverse effects on soil and basic resources. Sustainable agriculture is a system that, while properly managing and using resources to meet human food needs, enhances the quality of the environment and natural resource reserves. Also, this system is economically dynamic and the resulting food does not have a negative effect on human life, and efforts have been made to preserve and care for resources for future generations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the development of sustainable agriculture. The research method of the present article is descriptive-analytical in the form of library study. The results of the study show that the government and related organizations can accelerate the achievement of sustainable agricultural development process with proper planning and optimal modeling.