Summary The work presented in this paper is part of a larger research project which is aimed at finding solutions to problems associated with liquid loading, erosion at pipe bends caused by sand particles, and phase separation. The work uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to design solutions that can reduce or eliminate the aforementioned problems. Here, the results from CFD simulations of two-phase air and water flows are critically analyzed through comparison with the results from experiments carried out by Falcone et al. (2003) using the ANUMET* concept. The entire experimental setup is modeled within the CFD simulation and flow rates for water and air are taken from the data used for the experiments. Important variables such as pressure drop and fluid film thickness, which were monitored closely during the experiments, are obtained from the CFD simulations and compared with the experimental results. The results presented in this paper provide insights into the physics of two-phase swirl flows, identifying areas of research that still need to be addressed. Introduction Swirl ?ow (often referred to as vortex ?ow) is a fluid stream which has a rotational velocity as well as a linear velocity. Current research at Texas A&M University is studying the various applications of swirl flow to help mitigate particular problems in the oil and gas industry. * The ANUMET wet gas metering system includes a twisted tape (or swirler) with "fish tail" end for the separation of liquid drops in annular flow.

The work presented in this paper is part of a larger Research Project which is aimed at finding solutions to problems associated with liquid loading, erosion at pipe bends due to sand particles and phase separation. The work uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to design solutions that can reduce or eliminate the aforementioned problems. Here, the results from CFD simulations of two-phase air and water flows are critically analyzed via comparison with the results from experiments carried out by Falcone et al. (2003) using the ANUMET* concept. The entire experimental setup is modeled within the CFD simulation and flow rates for water and air are taken from the data used for the experiments. Important variables such as pressure drop and fluid film thickness, which were monitored closely during the experiments, are obtained from the CFD simulations and compared with the experimental results. The results presented in this paper provide insights into the physics of two-phase swirl flows, identifying areas of research that still need to be addressed. Introduction Swirl flow (often referred to as vortex flow) is a fluid stream which has a rotational velocity as well as a linear velocity. Current research at Texas A&M University is studying the various applications of swirl flow to help mitigate particular problems in the oil and gas industry. Some of the swirl flow applications under investigation are: 1. Liquid Unloading in Gas Wells: Liquid loading occurs when the flowing gas is no longer capable of lifting the liquid to surface, which triggers liquid accumulation in the wellbore, resulting in additional hydrostatic pressure that impairs the gas inflow from the reservoir. If the reservoir pressure is low, the accumulated liquid may completely stop gas production. At higher reservoir pressures, liquid slugging or churning may occur in the production system, although this intermittent flow response may represent a temporary feature, until the well eventually dies. One solution is to generate swirling in the well in order to condition the flow and so reduce the energy losses and enable the well to lift liquids to surface. Fig.1 shows some tools that assist the unloading of gas wells and mitigate build up of stagnant fluids and paraffin in flow lines and gathering systems.

Background: India is an ancient country having a diverse population group of various races, ethnic groups and tribes living in different climatic conditions. Nasal index is an ethnic sensitive anthropometric index which is used to classify race and sex of an individual. Aim: To study the Nasal index by using nasal parameters like Nasal height and Nasal width among students of South India and North India. Materials and Method: The study was done on medical students (male and female) aged between 18-23yrs of age after obtaining the necessary consent. Nasal height and nasal width were measured with the aid of sliding caliper. On the basis of nasal height and nasal width, nasal index was calculated and the data was analyzed statistically. Results: The present study revealed that majority of the Indian population (both South India and North India) belong to mesorrhinae type of nasal form followed by platyrrhinae and leptorrhinae. Conclusion: The majority of the Indian population belongs to mesorrhinae type of nasal form. The particular data will be of importance in forensic science, anthropology and rhinoplasty.