Objective: To investigate the symptoms and laboratory results of children hospitalised with the diagnosis of COVID-19, aiming to reveal the characteristics of symptomatic cases.

Aim: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the important causes of mortality and morbidity for children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Rotavirus is transmitted by the feces of the people carrying it through food and hands. Additionally, door handles, telephones, sockets, and toys may play a role in spreading the infection. In addition to fecal-oral transmission, transmission via droplets has also been reported. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of rotavirus in pediatric acute gastroenteritis cases in our institution and reveal the effect of the increased mask, social distancing and general hygiene recommendations with COVID-19 pandemic on rotavirus gastroenteritis. Methods: A total of 4781 patients aged 0-18 diagnosed with AGE between January 2019 and December 2020 were included in the study. The rotavirus positivity of patients diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis before and after the pandemic was statistically compared according to season, gender, and age variables. Results: Four hundred nine (8.6%) of 4781 patients were determined as rotavirus positive. The frequency of rotavirus in the age range of 0-2 was higher than that of in the other age ranges. Rotavirus is more common in the winter and spring seasons. In the modeling performed for patients with AGE in our hospital, provided that the other variables remained constant, the risk of rotavirus positivity increased by 1.14 times with the season variable while it decreased by 0.66 times with age. It was concluded that as the age increased, the odds value of being rotavirus positive decreased by 33.4%. While the prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis was 7.5% between March 2019 and December 2019, this frequency decreased to 4.7% with the pandemic (March 2020-December 2020), which was statistically significant (X 2 =8.620; p=0.003). Conclusion:Increasing masks, social distancing and general hygiene recommendations due to COVID 19 have led to a decrease in the frequency of rotavirus infections in children.

Background Esophageal atresia is a complex esophageal malformation with an incidence of 1 in 3,500–4,000 live births, and it usually occurs together with anomalies in other systems or chromosomes. This study aimed to investigate the short‐term and long‐term results of cases of esophageal atresia retrospectively in our institution and to analyze the factors affecting the outcome. Methods Charts of the patients managed for esophageal atresia in our tertiary pediatric surgery department were investigated retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Results One hundred and thirteen (95.8%) of 118 cases underwent a single‐stage or staged esophagoesophagostomy procedure. In only five of the 40 patients with a long gap between the two atretic ends was an esophageal replacement procedure required. The most common early and late complications were anastomotic stenosis (41.6%) and gastroesophageal reflux (44.9%). In logistic regression analysis, the birthweight (OR [95% CI] = 0.998 [0.997, 0.999], P = 0.001) and preoperative inotrope requirement (OR [95% CI] = 13.8 [3.6–53.3], P < 0.001) were the two risk factors in the mortality prediction model obtained by multivariate analysis. The gap length between the two atretic ends (OR [95% CI] = 1.436 [1.010, 2.041], P = 0.044) and the number of sutures for anastomosis (OR [95% CI] = 1.313 [1.042, 1.656], P = 0.021) were the two risk factors in the gastroesophageal reflux prediction model obtained by multivariate analysis. Conclusions Our study's early and late complication rates were like those found in other studies. Identifying risk factors would be beneficial and might help reduce the severity of potential complications in esophageal atresia patients. Prospective studies on large patient series would help develop registry‐based, standardized management protocols.

Ankyloglossia is a condition of limited tongue mobility caused by a short lingual frenulum. The diagnosis and treatment of ankyloglossia are still controversial. The main clinical problems encountered during breastfeeding are difficulty in sucking and its clinical reflections. This study aims to evaluate the infant population born with ankyloglossia and to determine the results of frenotomy. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study among infants born in a tertiary hospital. We included all infants born between 1 January and 30 June 2022. The neonatal follow-up protocol for ankyloglossia was determined before the defined dates, and data were recorded during the screening period. The recorded data were retrospectively collected from the files. Within six months, 705 infants were born. Due to additional problems and other conditions that prevent breastfeeding, evaluable data of 207 (29.3%) infants could not be provided. Of the remaining 498 infants, 234 (33.2%) had ankyloglossia. While none of the infants without ankyloglossia had a breastfeeding problem after appropriate training, 28.6% of the ankyloglossia group had a breastfeeding problem (p < 0.001). The need for frenotomy differed significantly between Coryllos groups (p < 0.001). Breastfeeding was unsuccessful before frenotomy in 12 Coryllos type-1 patients, and all had difficulty in sucking. Frenotomy was performed within the three-month follow-up period in all patients with complaints of inability to firmly grasp the breast, nipple slipping from the mouth, and nipple biting during the first 24 h. In terms of breastfeeding problems, regardless of the anatomical typology, frenotomy can be performed safely in early life with successful results. If deficiencies or difficulties in breastfeeding are noticed in ankyloglossia patients even at the first control, frenotomy should be recommended in clinical conditions.