Photomediated controlled radical polymerization is a versatile method to prepare, under mild conditions, various well-defined polymers with complex architecture, such block and graft copolymers, sequence-controlled polymers, or hybrid materials via surface-initiated polymerization. It also provides opportunity to manipulate the reaction through spatiotemporal control. This review presents a comprehensive account of the fundamentals and applications of various Photomediated CRP techniques, including atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) and other procedures. In addition, mechanistic aspects of other photomediated methods are discussed.

The ''click'' chemistry concept is based on utilizing rapid reactions which are efficient, versatile, and selective. Indeed, Diels-Alder (DA) reactions fulfill most of the requirements for the ''click'' chemistry concept. In this review, we discuss the recent reports concerned with the use of DA ''click'' reactions in the synthesis of various macromolecular architectures, bioconjugates and hybrid materials.

Spatial and temporal control over chemical and biological processes, both in terms of "tuning" products and providing site-specific control, is one of the most exciting and rapidly developing areas of modern science. For synthetic chemists, the challenge is to discover and develop selective and efficient reactions capable of generating useful molecules in a variety of matrices. In recent studies, light has been recognized as a valuable method for determining where, when, and to what extent a process is started or stopped. Accordingly, this Minireview will present the fundamental aspects of light-induced click reactions, highlight the applications of these reactions to diverse fields of study, and discuss the potential for this methodology to be applied to the study of biomolecular systems.

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