Background: Many new cases of brucella infections are seen in Turkey every year, especially in March, April, and May, due to the consumption of local unpasteurized cheese. Amino acids profiles have not been studied in brucellosis so far. Introduction: The amino acid profiles may be affected by infectious diseases. Our study aims to evaluate the plasma amino acid profile in the progression of acute brucellosis. Method: Plasma amino acid profile was performed by an 8045 LC-MS / MS device (Shimadzu 8045, Japan) using JASEM amino acid kit. Results: Analysis of 45 amino acid profiles was made and results profiles showed significant differences in concentrations and types of amino acids in brucella patients. We observed a significant difference in terms of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, valine, alpha-aminoadipic acid, alpha-amino-pimelic acid, argininosuccinic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, thiaproline, 1-methylhistidine, 3-methylhistidine, hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, cystine, serotonin, ethanolamine, and taurine (p-value <0.05 for each). No significant differences were determined regarding asparagine, citrulline, histidine, leucine, alloisoleucine, lysine, methionine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, anserine, alpha aminobutyric acid, beta aminoisobutyric acid, beta-alanine, cystathionine, histamine, and 5-oh-trp (p-value >0.05 for all). Conclusion: Patients with brucellosis have a specific profile of amino acids which may reflect sequelae of pathological and metabolic biochemical changes in the disease process due to the growth of Brucella spp. in the human body leading to an imbalance of amino acid levels.

The issue of increasing resistance to antibiotics in recent years has become an important problem all over the world. Our aim is to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) rates in Klebsiella spp isolates to prevent the gradual increase in multi-resistant isolates as a result of unconscious antibiotic use thereby contributing to the faster effective treatment of infections. A total of 100 Klebsiella spp were isolated and identified from various clinical specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using the Kirby-Bauer method. The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) was detected using the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) and E-test methods. The rates of ESBL-producing strains were 46.1% in 6 K. oxytoca and 56.3% in 49 K. pneumoniae. These strains were found to be 38% in 38 adult patients and 17% in 17 pediatric patients, and this difference was statistically significant (p &lt;0.05). The ESBL rate was 31% in 31 male patients and 24% in 24 female patients, and this difference was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05). This rate was found to be high in patients hospitalized in the pediatric service and intensive care unit. 67 out of 100 strains were found to be suspicious for ESBL by Disk Diffusion Test (DDT). DDST and E-tests were applied as confirmatory tests. The sensitivity of the DDST and E tests was 100%. Screening for ESBL in Klebsiella spp and other members of Enterobacteriaceae isolates is necessary to reduce further selection and spread of these increasingly broad-spectrum antimicrobial-resistant enteric pathogens.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the prediabetes conditions in which high blood sugar levels and body weight increase during pregnancy. The underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms of GDM are poorly defined. Introduction: Aromatase enzyme activity is responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens and has a share in the regulation of body fat distribution and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1), which plays a critical role in cholesterol transport, acid homeostasis, and steroidogenesis in GDM patients. This study aims to determine the levels of aromatase enzyme and LRH-1 in GDM patients and to investigate the relationship between the levels of aromatase enzyme and LRH-1 and the levels of insulin, HbA 1c and total cholesterol. Method: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over eleven months (September 2020 to July 2021). The study population was selected at Harran University Teaching and Research Hospital. The study included 32 GDM patients and 32 healthy pregnants. The automated assay measured serum fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and insulin levels (AVIDA 1800 Chemistry System; Siemens). Aromatase enzyme activity and LRH-1 levels were determined by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Result: Aromatase activity decreased in GDM patients while LRH1 increased. Significant differences in means levels of fasting blood glucose (p=0.11), insulin (p= 0.001) and HbA1c (p= 0.001) between the patients and control groups. There was a significant negative correlation between the levels of aromatase and insulin (r=-370, p =0.037). In addition, a positive significant correlation coefficient (r=0.645, p=0.001) was found between HbA1c and total cholesterol among the patients' group. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that there is a negative relationship between aromatase activity and insulin levels. Aromatase and LRH 1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of GDM, and the use of LRH-1 agonists in treating the disease may be considered an alternative treatment in the future. However, additional studies are required to reveal the possible functions of these two proteins in GDM with their mechanisms.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a non-bacterial acute inflammation of the pancreas that develops as a result of glandin digestion, with its enzymes leaking and activating into the parenchyma. It plays an important role in the formation of deprotein blocks as metabolic intermediates in the processes of amino acids organisms and forms an important part of metabolomic analysis. Amino acidopathies; Patients with AP show gastrointestinal dysfunction in nutrition such as acute metabolic decompensation, nausea, vomiting and gastroesophageal and abdominal pain. For this purpose, this study is to evaluate the role of the amino acid profile in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and that the plasma amino acid profile may play a role as a marker for its associated variation in patients with acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: Approximately 65 patients with acute pancreatitis were included in the study. Patients studied were included with typical abdominal pain, a 3-5-fold increase in serum amylase and lipase upper limit. In the healthy control group, 50 people were selected who had no existing disease history and pathological status.Amino acid profile measurement in plasma was examined by 8045 LC-MS / MS device. Results: In our study, the amino acids in the serum amino acid profile of patients with acute pancreatitis significantly increased the amino acids 1- methyl histidine, 2-aminoadipic acid, 2minobutric acid, 3-methyl histidine, aspartate, citrulline, glutamine methionine and valine amino acids; however, 5-hydroxyline, alanine, cysteine, tyrosine and isoleucine levels were found to be significantly decreased compared to the healthy control group (P &lt;0.01). Keywords: Acute Pancreatitis, Free Amino acid profile, LC-MS/MS Conclusion: Physiological amino acid concentrations depend on the functions of organs and pathological conditions can alter metabolism. In recent years, amino acid profiling has been suggested in medicine as a potential marker in metabolic diseases, some scientists, acute pancratitis patients, diet proteins and amino acids have been able to regulate pancreatic function. In addition, although the proteolytic enzymes of the pancreas play a role in the formation of pancreatic inflammation, the mechanisms by which these enzymes in inactive form are activated within the pancreatic tissue are still controversial. Arginine, which is an amino acid, is metabolised to urea and ornithine with the enzyme arginase. Among the amino acids of methionine and ornithine, the combinations of polyamines, spermidine, spermin and butressins are obtained. Polyamines play an important role in cell proliferation by stimulating nucleotide and protein synthesis in cells. Levels of plasma amino acids showed the net effect of all factors affecting the flow of amino acids in the body. It is thought that the changes occurring in the presence of the infection may be transmitted by the amino acids in the plasma of these patients. As a result of our study in patients with acute pancreatitis infection, the presence of some amino acids in patients with acute pancreatitis infection is to show that these amino acids have an important role in the development of the infection and to assist physicians in deciding on this issue.

Amaç: Giardia intestinalis ve Cryptosporidium spp. türleri gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ishale neden olan bağırsak parazitleridir. Özelikle bağışıklık sistemi baskılanmış hastalarda ve çocuklarda tedavi edilemediğinde ölümcül olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Harran Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesine başvuran bağışıklık sistemi baskılanmış hastaların dışkı örneklerinde Cryptosporidium spp. ve G.intestinalis sıklığının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma Ocak 2017 ve Ocak 2019 yılları arasında hastanemize başvuran bağışıklık sistemi baskılanmış ve ishal şikâyeti olan toplam 100 hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Hastaların dışkı örneklerinde immünokromatografik (İK) metot ile Cryptosporidium spp. ve G. intestinalis antijenleri arandı ve nativ-lugol ve kinyoun asit fast boyama ile ookist, kist-trofozoit açısından incelendi. Bulgular: Toplam sekiz (%8) hastada G. intestinalis saptandı. Bunlardan yedisi (%14) çocuk hasta (n=50) ve biri (%2) yetişkin (n=50) bir kadın hasta olduğu tespit edildi. Hastaların 3 (%3)’ünde ise Cryptosporidium spp. görüldü. Bunlardan ikisi (%4) çocuk ve biri (%2) yetişkin kadın hastalar idi. Sonuçlarımız hem Cryptosporidium hem de G. intestinalis’in bağışıklık sistemi baskılanmış çocuk hastalarda (sırasıyla %4 ve %14) daha fazla saptandığını göstermiştir. Sonuç: Dışkı örneklerinde antijen saptayan İK metodun maliyeti yüksek olmasına rağmen çalışması kolay, erken sonuç vermesi ve etkensel tanı yöntemlerindeki zorluklara yardımcı olduğu görülmektedir. Sınırlı sayıda araştırılmış örnek bulunmasına rağmen bulgularımız bu iki parazitten kaynaklı enfeksiyonların Türkiye'de veya Avrupa ülkelerinde yapılan diğer çalışmalardaki görülme sıklığından daha yüksek olduğunu gösterdi.