Bisphenol A (or BPA) is a toxic endocrine disruptor that is emitted into the environment as a result of industrial manufacturing methods. In this research, we focused on investigating the protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on the liver in rats treated with hepatotoxic BPA. For this purpose, 30 Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups: Control (1 ml olive oil); NSO (5 ml/kg NSO); BPA (100mg/kg); BPA+ NSO (100 mg/kg BPA + 5 ml/kg NSO). All applications were done by oral gavage. At the end of the 30-day study period, blood samples of the anesthetized rats were collected and euthanized under appropriate conditions. After removing the serum of the collected blood samples, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, which have a key role in liver toxicity, were measured. At the same time, liver samples that were dissected and removed from the cadaver were fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution for histopathological examination and scoring, and hematoxylin - eosin staining were performed. BPA caused degeneration and necrosis in hepatocytes, Kuffper activation, bile duct hyperplasia, congestion, and hepatic cord dissociation, causing serious increases in total liver lesion scores. In parallel, BPA-induced increases were detected in ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT levels. The histological architecture and liver function tests were significantly improved with the addition of NSO to the diet. These findings provided that NSO has a hepatoprotective effect by improving BPA-induced liver damage.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral disease that causes significant economic losses in young chickens, characterized by lymphoid depletion and inflammation in the bursa Fabricius (BF). The incidence of the disease shows an increasing trend all over the world. Active and passive immunization is very important as well as strict hygiene measures in combating outbreaks. However, the fact that live-attenuated vaccines (mild, intermediate, hot) used for this purpose cause immunosuppression because of bursal damage is seen as an important limitation. In this study, it was aimed to histopathologically investigate the effects of commercial IBD vaccines originating from WF2512 (intermediate plus/hot, orally with drinking water) on BF under routine broiler rearing conditions. For this, BFs of 55 Ross 308 hybrid breed chickens (50 test, 5 controls) from five different broiler farms were used. In addition to standard vaccines, the IBD vaccine was given on day 15, and five samples from each farm were obtained 10 days later (25th day). After the first sampling, the second BF sampling was performed at the age of 38 days. Histopathological bursal lesion score was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine. Accordingly, it was determined that the bursal lesion score, which increased slightly to moderately in the first samples, decreased in the second samples (27-61%). This was accepted as an indication that the bursal damage, which increased with IBD vaccine administration, diminishes over time and that histological regeneration was increased.

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