Aim Typical antipsychotics (TAPs) are commonly used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, extrapyramidal disorders, hyperprolactinemia, and reproductive dysfunctions have been observed in women during the use of TAPs. For this reason, less toxic and prolactin‐sparing atypical antipsychotic (AAP) drugs such as clozapine (CLN) have been developed. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of taxifolin on possible ovarian and reproductive toxicity associated with CLN and haloperidol (HPL) in female Wistar albino rats. Methods The rats were grouped as healthy control group (HCG), CLN, HPL, taxifolin + clozapine (TCL), and taxifolin + haloperidol (THL). Drugs were administered to the groups for 28 days. At the end of that time, ovarian tissues of six rats from each group were taken for histopathological and biochemical analyses. Remaining six rats in groups were examined for evaluation of reproductive dysfunctions. Results Severe degeneration and vacuolization were observed in the primary, secondary, and primordial follicles of the ovarian tissues of CLN‐ and HPL‐treated groups, of which malondialdehyde (MDA) level was high and total glutathione (tGSH) level was low. In the taxifolin‐treated groups, taxifolin significantly prevented the increase of MDA level and decrease of tGSH level, and the severity of histopathological damage was found to be lower. In addition, it was found that taxifolin significantly prevented infertility and delay in pregnancy associated with CLN and HPL. Conclusions The results of this experiment suggest that taxifolin can be beneficial in treating oxidative ovarian damage, infertility, and reproductive dysfunctions induced by CLN and HPL.

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Excessive alcohol consumption and alcoholism cause medical problems with high mortality and morbidity rates. In this study we aimed to decrease the alcohol related tissue damage by inhibiting calpain activation which plays an important role in apoptosis and necrosis, in rats with cardiomyopathy induced by acute alcohol consumption. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into four groups (control, vehicle, alcohol and alcohol + inhibitor) with 10 rats in each. Control group received isocaloric maltose while vehicle group received isocaloric maltose with DMSO, and alcohol group received 8 g/kg absolute ethanol by gavage. Inhibitor group received 20 mg/kg calpain inhibitor 1 intraperitonally prior to alcohol administration. Calpain activities, cathepsin L levels and cytochrome c release rates were significantly increased in alcohol group compared to control group (p < 0.05). Serum CK MB and BNP levels of alcohol group were excessively increased compared to control group (respectively p < 0.001 and p < 0.01). Serum BNP levels of alcohol + inhibitor group were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared to alcohol group. In addition to these, histological evaluation of light microscope images and the results of DNA fragmentation and immunohistochemical caspase-3 activity results showed significant improvement of these parameters in alcohol + inhibitor group compared to alcohol group. Results of our biochemical and histological evaluation results revealed that the calpain inhibitor N-acetyl-leu-leu-norleucinal may have an ameliorating effect on acute alcohol consumption related cardiac tissue damage due to its effects on cell death pathways.