In this study, the effects of education, health and R&D expenditures on labor productivity have been investigated. It consists of annual data of 25 OECD countries for the period from 2000 to 2012. A Fixed Effect Regression with Driscoll and Kraay Standard Errors has been designated as the estimator as a result of the required tests for panel data analysis. According to empirical evidence; education expenditure has a negative effect, health expenditure has a positive effect and R&D expenditure has a positive effect on labor productivity.

Financial development and foreign direct investments are expected to affect employment positively by contributing to economic growth. Within the framework of this expectation, this study aims to investigate how financial development and foreign direct investments in Turkish economy affect employment. For this purpose, a Time Series Analysis is carried out by using the data on Turkish economy for the period of 1988-2017. In this analysis, employment is selected as the dependent variable, while financial development and foreign direct investments are chosen as the independent variables. With regards to determination of variables in this way, this study provides a new contribution to the literature. According to the results of the Johansen Cointegration Test, there is no long-term causality between the variables. Based on the results of the Granger Causality Test that is carried out based on the VAR model, there is a positive causality from both financial development and foreign direct investments towards employment in the short-term.

Askeri harcamaların, zorunlu bir kamu maliyesi aracı olarak ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini araştıran teorik ve uygulamalı çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu çalışma da askeri harcamalar ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi G7 ülkelerine ait verileri kullanarak araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1970-2017 dönemi için Kanada, Almanya, Fransa, İngiltere, İtalya, Japonya ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ne ait veriler üzerinden Panel Veri Analizi yapılmaktadır. Bu analizde reel GSYİH bağımlı değişken olarak; askeri harcamalar, ihracat ve sabit sermaye oluşumu ise bağımsız değişkenler olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ekonometrik testler neticesinde Panel Veri Analizinin Driscoll-Kraay Standart Hatalar tahmincisi ile yapılması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, G7 ülkelerinde askeri harcamalar ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif etkilemektedir.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between money supply and economic growth as applied in developing countries.For this purpose, Panel Cointegration and Panel Causality Analyses are performed by using the monthly data of 1997-2017 period.In these analyses, real GDP is used as dependent variable; M1, M2 and M3 money supply measures are used as independent variables. In accordance with the results of stationarity, cross sectional dependence and homogeneity tests, econometric anal ysis is done by Gengenbach, Urbain & Westerlund EC Cointegration and Dumitrescu & Hurlin Panel Granger Causality Tests. According to the results of the analysis, in developing countries, while there is a causality from money supply to economic growth in t he short run, there is no relationship between these variables in the long run.

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