Residential combined heat and power (CHP) systems using fuel cell technology can provide both electricity and heat and can substantially reduce the energy and environmental impact associated with residential applications. The energy, environmental, and economic characteristics of fuel cell CHP systems are investigated for single-family residential applications. Hourly energy use profiles for electricity and thermal energy are determined for typical residential applications. A mathematical model of a residential fuel cell based CHP system is developed. The CHP system incorporates a fuel cell system to supply electricity and thermal energy, a vapor compression heat pump to provide cooling in the summer and heating in the winter, and a thermal storage tank to help match the available thermal energy to the thermal energy needs. The performance of the system is evaluated for different climates. Results from the study include an evaluation of the major design parameters of the system, load duration curves, an evaluation of the effect of climate on energy use characteristics, an assessment of the reduction in emissions, and a comparison of the life cycle cost of the fuel cell based CHP system to the life cycle costs of conventional residential energy systems. The results suggest that the fuel cell CHP system provides substantial energy and environmental benefits but that the cost of the fuel cell sub-system must be reduced to roughly $500/kWe before the system can be economically justified.

Residences in the United States use 10.8 × 109 MJ (10.25 quadrillion Btus) per year, and the resulting energy cost exceeds $5 billion annually. Electricity use accounts for over 30 percent of residential energy needs. This electricity is typically provided by large remote power plants that discharge more than 60 percent of input energy as waste heat to the environment. The advent of fuel cell power systems makes on-site power generation feasible for residential applications. With on-site generation, waste heat can be recovered and used to meet the thermal needs of the residence including space heating and water heating. Combined heat and power (CHP) systems can substantially reduce the energy required for residential applications. The energy use and economic benefits of fuel cell based CHP systems are investigated for single-family residential applications. Hourly energy use profiles for electricity and thermal energy are determined for typical residential applications. A mathematical model of a residential fuel cell based CHP system is developed. The system incorporates a fuel cell system to supply electricity and thermal energy, a vapor compression heat pump to provide cooling in the summer and heating in the winter, and a thermal storage tank to help match the available thermal energy to the thermal energy needs. The performance of the system is evaluated for different climates. Results from the study include an evaluation of the major design characteristics of the system, load duration curves, an evaluation of the effect of climate on energy use characteristics, and a comparison of the life cycle cost of the fuel cell based CHP system to the life cycle costs of conventional residential energy systems.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between earnings management and sustainability performance of publicly traded (other than financial companies) companies in OECD countries. We analysed this in two periods, specifically 2000-2009 and 2010-2020 in founding member countries of OECD by using Panel Data Analysis techniques. The increase in sustainability performance data led to a natural break point in the analysis. The findings show that there is a statistically significant relationship between sustainability performance and earnings management with all its sub-components revealing that an increase in sustainability performance leads to a decrease in earnings management.

The main objective of this report is to give detail information regarding the capacity of Turkish electricity market as well as taking into consideration the country’s economic situation all over the world. Following by this, the demand and consumption of Turkey’s electricity capacity is given by associated with its economical growth and dependence on energy from abroad. It is pointed out that Turkey is the one of the biggest fossil fuel consumers. The fact of the time line of Turkey’s energy status is highlighted by given actual data comparing last three decades. The effect of utilizing of fossil energy source on country’s economical and environmental welfare is discussed. There is a wide consensus on existing un-reversible climate change due to increased CO2 emissions so in order to reduce emission the benefit of utilizing solar energy system is explained in accord with country’s solar energy policy up to date as well as additional incentives granted by Turkish government for installation. The country great solar energy potential and installed photovoltaic capacity are also given by comparing other countries.