The aim of the study was to evaluate protective effects of exogenous leptin on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injuries to the urinary bladder tissue and to investigate the effect on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels and apoptotic cells during I/R injury. Bladder I/R injury was induced by abdominal aorta occlusion by ischemia for 45 min, followed by 60 min of reperfusion in rats. The rats were divided into three groups: control (n = 8 + 8), I/R (n = 8 + 8) and I/R+leptin group (n = 8 + 8). The rats in the I/R+leptin group were treated intraperitoneally with leptin (10 µg/kg) 60 min prior to ischemia induction. At the end of the reperfusion period, urinary bladders of the first eight rats from each group were removed for TUNEL staining processing while the others were removed for biochemical analyses for MDA and TNF-α levels. In the I/R group, the ratios of TUNEL-positive nuclei were higher than the control and the I/R+leptin groups. The MDA and TNF-α levels of the bladder tissue in the I/R group were higher than the control and leptin-treated groups. TUNEL-staining and biochemical studies revealed that leptin has a protective effect on urinary bladder I/R injury.

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the morbidity of invasive urodynamic study (UDS) in type 2 diabetic patients. Study was conducted on 94 diabetic (59.4 +/- 0.8 years) and 110 non-diabetic (58.1 +/- 0.9 years) patients who had lower urinary tract symptoms. All patients underwent pressure-flow study. The major complication rate after UDS, including urinary tract infection, fever, urinary retention and gross hematuria, was 11.8% for non-diabetics and 22.3% for diabetics (p = 0.044). No significant differences were found between diabetics and non-diabetics according to gender with respect to dysuria, hematuria and pain (p > 0.05). Existence of pyuria before UDS was significantly higher in diabetic women with major complication than without major complication (p = 0.011). On the other hand, residual urine volume (p = 0.004) and diabetic cystopathy (0.005) were found significantly higher in diabetic men with major complication than without major complication. Our study demonstrated that UDS has an important role on the occurrence of high objective and subjective morbidity in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Therefore, UDS indication should be carefully evaluated, especially in diabetic men who have high residual urine volume and diabetic women who have pyuria before UDS.

Purpose: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread all over the world. The diagnosis of COVID-19 in asymptomatic patients and patients with non-respiratory symptoms remains a big concern. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence of missed diagnosed COVID-19 pneumonia on abdominal computed tomography (CT) performed in patients admitted to our urology outpatient clinic. Methods: We reviewed the files of patients who were admitted to the urology outpatient clinic from 1 April to 1 November retrospectively. We included the patients who performed abdominal CT at the urology outpatient clinic for any reason and recorded demographic data and abdominal CT findings. We excluded patients with pulmonary symptoms and previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Also, patients without abdominal CT were excluded. We evaluated the rates of missed diagnosed COVID-19 pneumonia detection on the lung base images of abdominal CT. Results: 1024 patients were included in this study. We observed that 99 (9.7%) of these patients had findings related to COVID-19 pneumonia on the lung base images of abdominal CT. Although 885 (86.4%) patients had no pathological pulmonary findings, 40 (3.9%) patients had other pathological pulmonary findings. Conclusion: COVID-19 disease has become a pandemic all over the world. All healthcare professionals, including urologists, play an active role in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. So, it should be kept in mind that COVID-19 pneumonia should be evaluated in patients admitted to the urology outpatient clinic with renal colic or abdominal pain.