Blood vessels are necessary for development and maintenance of the endometriosis and blood flow supplies oxygen and essential nutrient to the disease. Local angiogenesis is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibitors of VEGF may be a novel therapeutic approach. We inducted endometriosis in 43 rats and they were randomly allocated into 4 groups. The rats in group I (control n = 11) were given no medication. The rats in group II (n = 11) were given bevacizumab. The rats in group III (n = 11) were given Sorafenib, and the rats in group IV (n = 10) were given retinoic acid (RA). Then groups were compared for microvessel density, VEGF, soluble tyrosine-kinase receptor, ovarian reserve, and treatment effectivity. All these medications were effective on endometriosis and we detected that volume of endometriotic implants were significantly decreased. Ovarian reserve was not affected from the medication, in addition RA have induced reproductive capacity.

No abstract

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effect of silibinin against methotrexate (MTX)-induced pulmonary toxicity. Rats were divided into four groups (MTX, MTX + silibinin, silibinin and control. MTX was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) into female Wistar rats (10 mg/kg/day for 3 days), which resulted in significant increases in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and oxidant enzymes, including nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase. Furthermore, significant reductions were detected in the serum activity levels of the antioxidative enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, when compared with the control group. However, administration of silibinin (100 mg/kg/day for 10 days, i.p.) was shown to ameliorate the MTX-induced pulmonary toxicity, as indicated by the normalization of the oxidative stress parameters. Furthermore, silibinin treatment was demonstrated to reduce the histopathological changes associated with MTX. In conclusion, silibinin exhibited protective effects against MTX-induced pulmonary toxicity, which may be attributed to its antioxidant activity.

Chronic paranasal sinus disease is one of the most common causes of application to physicians in pediatric and adult patients. In the surgical treatment of these diseases, endoscopic sinus surgery is an application that is often done to increase the quality of the patient's life. On account of this, the anatomic variations in skull basement must be well known to avoid possible major complications that may occur during the operation. Recent developments in paranasal sinus surgery also enhanced the need for examining exhaustively the anatomy of this region and existing pathology. Superiority of computed tomography (CT) has an unquestionable importance for the evaluation of anatomic structure and pathology compared with conventional radiographs. A likely anatomic knowledge is needed for a safe surgery. Before the surgery, determining the anatomic variations makes the operation safer and increases the prospects, so we can prevent complications that may occur during the surgery. In this study, CT coronal sections of 300 patients who were admitted to the Department of Ear Nose Throat of Medical Faculty of Cumhuriyet University Research and Training Hospital between the dates December 2008 and January 2011 with complaints of nasal flow and postnasal drip were studied. According to coronal section CT examinations, the patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1, with 156 cases (64%), showed mucosal changes, and in 144 cases (36%), no mucosal changes were established (group 2). In comparison between the sexes, in groups 1 and 2 females, significant difference was determined for other parameters except the average height of the ethmoid roof. In the comparison between the sexes, in groups 1 and 2 males, significant difference was determined for all parameters. The difference between these 2 rates was statistically significant. Keros types 1 and 2 cases were compared with the control group, and there was no statistically significant difference. Notwithstanding, at the comparison of the Keros type 3 with the control group, there was a statistically significant difference for all the parameters (maximum orbital height, the length of the middle concha, and the nasal wall). It seems to be important for us to know the average length of the peripheral anatomic structures to avoid serious complications that may occur during the operation. Careful preoperative review of paranasal sinus CT scans in patients undergoing sinus surgery seems to be the most important to prevent severe intraoperative complications.

SUMMARY:The sinonasal region in humans is one of the regions that commonly shows anatomical variations. These variations can be easily diagnosed by paranasal CT evaluation. One of these variations is Crista galli pneumatization. In recent years, there have been opinions supporting the hypothesis that pneumatization originates from the frontal sinus. In this study, we planned to evaluate whether the presence of Crista galli pneumatization varied in pre-adult and adult periods. In this retrospectively designed study, 218 coronal paranasal CT images collected between 2012 and 2013 were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to age under or over 18 years. In the group under the age of 18 (97 cases), pneumatization was detected in 2.1 % of samples, while in the group over the age of 18 (121 cases), crista galli pneumatization was observed in 15.7 % of samples. According to these results, crista galli pneumatization was found to increase in adulthood. Considering that the frontal sinus is in a rudimentary state at birth, it is radiographically detected first at 6 years of age, and reaches its main size in puberty, this increase in pneumatization runs parallel to the development of the frontal sinus. Consequently, this supports the opinion that crista galli pneumatization originates from the frontal sinus.