Background: The study aims to determine the detrimental effects of 7.5 mg/kg/day isotretinoin treatment on the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in an experimental study to see whether the effects on ovarian reserve are reversible. Methods: Blood was sampled in 16 Sprague-Dawley albinos before any treatment to see baseline AMH levels. Then, the rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Control group received only 1.0 ml soybean oil per oral for 30 days, whereas the study group received 7.5 mg/kg/day isotretinoin suspended in soybean oil. AMH levels were measured at the 30th day - immediately after the last medication - and on 60th day - 1 month after the last medication. Results: The mean values of AMH levels were 8.16 ± 1.47, 6.95 ± 1.87, 6.27 ± 0.71 and 8.20 ± 1.48, 6.56 ± 1.45, 7.07 ± 0.96 ng/ml before, immediately after and 1 month after the last medication in the control and isotretinoin treatment group, respectively. The mean AMH levels significantly decreased (p = 0.02) immediately after isotretinoin administration. The mean AMH levels 1 month after the last dose of isotretinoin therapy were higher than the levels immediately after the medication; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study indicates that exposure to isotretinoin is responsible for decreased AMH levels in experimental rat model and this effect seems to be reversible.

Objective: Hyperemesis gravidarum is an illness that starts in early pregnancy and manifests itself with oral intake problems, electrolyte imbalance, ketonuria, and weight loss. Inflammation is closely associated with the hyperemesis gravidarum, and inflammatory indicators have been studied to understand its pathophysiology. This study investigates the relationship of ketonuria levels with inflammatory markers platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for hyperemesis gravidarum patients. Material and Methods: This retrospective case control study was conducted at Kütahya Medical Sciences University Tertiary Research and Training Hospital between December 2019 and December 2020. A total of 173 pregnancies, 82 of them with hyperemesis gravidarum and 91 of them low-risk pregnancies were included in the study. The patients' demographic profiles and laboratory parameters were recorded. The patients were divided into hyperemesis gravidarum and control groups and the groups were compared for the levels of inflammation markers. For the hyperemesis gravidarum group, the relationship between ketonuria levels and the inflammation severity was investigated. Results: MLR, NLR, PLR levels were higher in the hyperemesis gravidarum group than the control group in a statistically significant way (p < 0.001 for all of the comparisons). The hyperemesis gravidarum group was subdivided into four groups based on their ketonuria levels, and their MLR, NLR, PLR levels were compared. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001) and the indicators increased with the ketonuria levels. Finally, ketonuria levels had a positive and significant correlation with MLR (rho =0.67, p < 0.001), PLR (rho =0.67, p < 0.001), and NLR (rho =0.8, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Hyperemesis gravidarum patients have higher levels of hematologic inflammation indicators than healthy pregnant patients. For these patients, the levels of the indicators increase with ketonuria levels.

Objective To investigate the effect of mild thrombocytopenia (platelet count: 100 000–149 000/µl) on peripartum hemorrhage in elective cesarean deliveries. Methods This study was conducted between January 2018 and May 2019 in a hospital, located in Konya, Turkey. Uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing elective cesarean section were included. Of 1992 eligible patients, 201 women were determined as the mild thrombocytopenia group, 48 women as the severe thrombocytopenia group, and 1743 women as the control group. The estimated blood loss volume (EBLV), the need for blood transfusion, and excessive blood loss rates were compared among groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed for potential confounding factors. Results The EBLV and excessive blood loss ratios were significantly higher in the mild thrombocytopenia group compared with the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference between the mild thrombocytopenia and control groups in terms of the number of patients receiving a blood transfusion. The probability of excessive blood loss was significantly higher in the mild thrombocytopenia group, even after adjusting the odds ratio for confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.27–2.95, P = 0.002). Conclusion Mild thrombocytopenia appears to increase the likelihood of peripartum hemorrhage in elective cesarean deliveries in uncomplicated pregnancies.

Purpose This study aimed to compare the effects of using single and double surgical masks (SM) on maternal oxygen saturation in pregnant women. Methods In this prospective study, single or double SM were worn by term pregnant women who applied for routine controls. The vital signs of the participants such as oxygen saturation, pulse, respiratory rate, fever, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured at admission and 30 min later. Results There were 223 participants in the single SM group and 231 participants in the double SM group. Thirty minutes after putting on the mask, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients whose oxygen saturation fell below 95 (3.6 vs 5.6%, p = 0.301). No significant difference was observed between the admission and 30 min oxygen saturation levels of the pregnant women in the single SM group. However, maternal oxygen saturation after 30 min of the pregnant women in the double SM group was significantly lower (97.4 ± 1.1 vs 96.6 ± 1.3, p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the vital signs of either groups. Conclusion When using double SM, oxygen saturation is significantly reduced compared to pre-mask values. Nevertheless, it seems difficult to say that these decreases have clinical significance.

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