Ectopic ureter which is one of the causes of urinary incontinence in adults is a rarely seen entity. In this case, diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence in a female patient thought to originate from an ectopic ureter will be evaluated. On magnetic resonance (MR) urograms double collecting system in both kidneys and also grade 3 hydroureteronephrosis in the collecting system which drained the upper pole of the right kidney were seen. The ureter draining the upper pole of the right kidney was seen to open into a 24 mm-wide cystic pouch inside the right lateral wall of the vaginal cuff. During vaginal examination an orifice of 3 mm was observed on the right wall of the vagina. Right ureteroneocystostomy was performed. Ureters with ectopic orifices are very rarely seen causes of urinary incontinence. To establish the diagnosis, this pathology must be recognized, should be kept in mind, and appropriate diagnostic methods must be used.

In a classical electronic laboratory, there is an experiment where a diode is connected in a series with a resistor and a variable DC voltage source in order to draw the characteristic I-V curve of the diode. Input voltage is gradually increased starting from 0 V, and the potential difference between the diode’s terminals is read by using a voltmeter, and the current flowing through the diode is read by using an ammeter. When the forward voltage exceeds the PN junction’s internal barrier voltage (0.5-0.7 for a Si diode and 0.2-0.3V for a Ge diode), the current begins to pass through. After the internal barrier voltage of the diode, a small increase in the potential difference causes a large increase in the current. In this study, we will focus on a low-cost and easy method of drawing the diode I-V characteristic curve by using the Arduino Uno Board.

Transistors are semiconductor devices that form the basis of today’s electronic technology. Following the first step of developing a point-contact transistor developed by Walter Brattain and John Bardeen in 1947, the development of the junction transistor by William Shockley in early 1948 opened the way for rapid progress in electronic technology. The processors of today’s computers or mobile phones can contain millions of transistors. For this reason, the way to understand how today’s technology works is to first understand the transistors that form the basis of these technologies. In this paper we describe an alternative way of determining transistor characteristics by using the Arduino.

It is well known that the needle of a compass in a magnetic field deflects, and that a compass near a conductive wire carrying a stable electric current deflects its needle. The only explanation of this observation is that the current-carrying wire creates a magnetic field around it. The strength of the magnetic field at any point near the wire depends on the strength of the current and the distance from the wire. Analysis of the magnetic field created by a long straight current-carrying wire has an important place in magnetism teaching. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a low-cost experimental setup to collect real-time data for the analysis of the magnetic field near a long straight wire.

The polarization of light is one of the best representations of the wave character of light, having a wide range of applications ranging from spectroscopy to sunglasses. The relationship between light intensity and the angle between the transmission axis of the polarizer and the analyzer can be explained by Malus' law. In this study, an experiment is presented that has been designed to prove Malus' law using simple tools. The experiment consists of a lightproof box having an analyzer, a polarizer, and an LDR, to create a dark environment, a microcontroller, the Arduino Nano, to collect data from the LDR and the Polarization of Light (PoL) application developed by the researchers to analyze and graph the collected data. In the experiment, a graph in which the light intensity depends on the angle is drawn in real time on a phone screen with an Android operating system. In the experiment, a graph of the light intensity depending on the angle is drawn in real time on a phone having an Android operating system. The experiment allows researchers and students to directly correlate the angle change between the analyzer and polarizer axes with the light intensity according to Malus' law.