Postoperative visual loss is an extremely rare complication of nonocular surgery. The most common causes are ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion, and cerebral ischemia. Acute visual loss after spinal surgery is even rarer. The most important risk factors are long-lasting operations, massive bleedings, fluid overload, hypotension, hypothermia, coagulation disorders, direct trauma, embolism, long-term external ocular pressure, and anemia. Here, we present a case of a 54-year-old male who developed acute visual loss in his left eye after a lumbar instrumentation surgery and was diagnosed with retinal artery occlusion.

ABSTRACTis the most frequent cause of acquired spastic paraparesis and myelopathy in the advanced age group (11,26). CSM results in serious loss of function in the elderly and consumption of health resources. Misdiagnosis of this condition has decreased substantially as direct radiography, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used more widely. However, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment. Discussion is focused on whether the treat- █ InTRODuCTIOnCervical spondylosis is a progressive and degenerative condition that starts from the intervertebral disc and continues with the hypertrophy of osseous and connective tissue surrounding the spinal canal (20). Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a neurologic disorder resulting from chronic compression of medulla spinalis and nerve roots in the spinal canal that has been narrowed down due to spondylosis (36,39). CSM AIM: To determine the factors in choosing the right surgical technique for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. MATERIAl and METhODS:60 patients were operated with anterior median corpectomy and anterior fusion for cervical myelopathy in Ankara Atatürk Education and Research Hospital between the years 2006-2011. All data were obtained from patient files retrospectively. Patients were evaluated in the preoperative and early postoperative stages and 45 days after discharge by referring to their neurological examinations, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and Nurick scores and radiological findings. RESulTS:The average age of the patients was 53.8 ± 9.9 years (38-78) and 45 were male (75%) and 15 were female (25%). Diabetics made up 16.7% (n=10) of the group and nondiabetics 83.3% (n=50). Of the nondiabetic patients, the Nurick score on the first month after surgery was statistically lower than the preoperative and after 24 hours Nurick score (p<0.001). In the patients in the group that had 1 or 2 myelopathic findings, the Nurick score on the first month after surgery was statistically lower than the preoperative and after 24 hours Nurick score (p<0.001). The JOA score one month after surgery was statistically lower in patients with myelomalacia than in patients without myelomalacia (p=0.002).COnCluSIOn: Median corpectomy and anterior fusion technique had better scores in patients that had few and early myelopathic symptoms, no myelomalacia on MRI, and no systemic disease.

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Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a developmental anomaly of forebrain characterized by a failure of division of the embryonic forebrain into hemispheres. It is associated with a set of facial anomalies at a rate of 80%. Survival rate, particularly in alobar HPE, is quite low. Alobar HPE is usually associated with a large dorsal cyst which might eventually lead to hydrocephalus and raised intracranial pressure. Placement of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt has been reported to be beneficial in symptomatic hydrocephalus accompanying HPE. Here we report a preterm infant born with alobar HPE and undergoing VP shunt placement although there was no sign of raised intracranial pressure. She is 12 months old now having near-normal developmental progress. This case has revealed that the placement of VP shunt, particularly inserting the catheter tip into dorsal cyst of HPE, might be beneficial and contribute to the survival and further brain development even in the absence of the signs of raised intracranial pressure.