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Ten patients with closed head trauma and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) ranging from 40-127 mm Hg were treated with intravenous dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) every 6 h for 1-10 days. Four patients received DMSO and intermittent oxygen. All patients showed a reduction of ICP after 24 h and 7 had normal ICP after 6 days of treatment. Two patients died of their injuries. Neurological assessment at the time of discharge showed 2 patients with severe neurological deficits and 6 patients with mild to no deficit. After a 3 month follow-up, 1 patient remained severely impaired and 7 patients showed mild to no deficit. It appears that intravenous DMSO can rapidly reduce elevated ICP in severe closed-head injury and that it improves neurological outcome.

Aims Osteopetrosis (OP) is a rare hereditary disease that causes reduced bone resorption and increased bone density as a result of osteoclastic function defect. Our aim is to review the difficulties, mid-term follow-up results, and literature encountered during the treatment of OP. Methods This is a retrospective and observational study containing data from nine patients with a mean age of 14.1 years (9 to 25; three female, six male) with OP who were treated in our hospital between April 2008 and October 2018 with 20 surgical procedures due to 17 different fractures. Patient data included age, sex, operating time, length of stay, genetic type of the disease, previous surgery, fractures, complications, and comorbidity. Results The mean follow-up period was 92.5 months (25 to 140). Bony union was observed in all of our patients. Osteomyelitis developed in two patients with femoral shaft fractures, and two patients had peri-implant stress fractures. Conclusion Treatment of fractures in OP patients is difficult, healing is protracted, and the risk of postoperative infection is high. In children and young adults with OP who have open medullary canal and the epiphyses are not closed, fractures can be treated with surgical techniques such as intramedullary titanium elastic nail (TENS) technique or fixation with Kirschner (K)-wire. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1082–1087.

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BACKGROUND:Fractures of proximal femur are rarely seen in childhood. These fractures can result in serious complications such as avascular necrosis (AVN), coxa vara, and early closure of the femoral epiphysis. The aim of this study is to investigate retrospectively the Delbet type 2 fractures that are commonly seen and has high rates of AVN.METHODS: Forty-two patients whose Delbet type 2 fractures were treated in our hospital between January 2009 and June 2018 were analyzed. The patients' mechanism of fracture formation, displacement of the fracture, presence of accompanying injuries, timing of surgery, open or closed reduction, whether the screws cross the epiphyseal growth plate epiphyseal line, and AVN data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:Of the 42 screened patients, 34 patients with complete follow-up graphs and files were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 11.02 years (1-17 years old), and the mean follow-up time was 40.82 months (range 24 to 98 months). When the follow-up radiographs of the patients were examined, it was found that AVN in 9 patients (26.5%), coxa vara in 2 patients (5.9%), and non-union in 1 patient (2.9%). The AVN rate was significantly higher in patients with high-energy injuries and high fracture displacement at baseline (p=0.034 and p=0.047, respectively).CONCLUSION: According to our findings in Delbet type 2 fractures, other than the severity of the trauma and the initial displacement of the fracture, factors related to the treatment process do not have a significant effect on the development of AVN. Age was not determined as a risk factor for the development of AVN in these patients.