Objective:To compare pregnant Turkish women and Syrian refugee women in terms of demographic data and obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Methods:In a retrospective study, the records of Turkish women and Syrian refugee women who gave birth at the Health Sciences examined. Maternal characteristics and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results:The study, which included 7950 Turkish women and 620 Syrian refugee women, found significant differences in maternal age according to nationality. The rate of normal delivery was significantly lower for the Turkish women at 51.6% (P=0.001) compared to 61.3% for the Syrian refugee women. The rate of delivery prior to 37 weeks of gestation was 1.8% for the Turkish women and 3.2% for the Syrian refugee women, indicating earlier delivery for the Syrian refugees than the Turkish women (P=0.017). A significant difference was found between the birth weights of infants born in the two groups (P=0.001).Conclusion: According to the study results, Syrian refugees have a higher rate of adolescent birth and low-birth-weight neonates which could be attributed to poor care and insufficient nutrition during pregnancy while living as a refugee in Turkey. K E Y W O R D S

Adolescence is the transition period from childhood to adulthood; the World Health Organization has defined it as the ages between 10 and 19. Approximately 11% of all births in the world are by adolescent mothers. Pregnant adolescent refugees who have been forced to emigrate due to civil wars raging on in their native countries often face difficult social life conditions, have little or no access to hospitals, and experience language barriers and poor nutritional status have been found to experience poor maternal and obstetric outcomes. These include an increase in cesarean births, premature births, intrauterine growth retardation, and low-birth-weight infant rates. The purpose of the article was to share with you the comparative results of the adolescent pregnancies among the immigrants and among the local adolescents who gave birth between January 2016 and July 2017 in Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital Gynecology Clinic in Kocaeli, Turkey. Its materials and method is a comparative study planned retrospectively between 67 adolescent Syrian refugees and 188 adolescent Turkish locals who gave birth between January 2016 and July 2017. The demographic data, obstetric outcomes, hospitalization durations, and neonatal outcomes of the patients were compared between the groups. Results, no statistically significant difference was found between pregnancy numbers, normal birth rates, cesarean sections and interventional birth rates, nullipara-multipara birth rates, or premature birth rates (<37 weeks) of the pregnant Turkish adolescents and pregnant immigrant adolescents (p > .05). The number of days these patients were hospitalized was found to be lower among Syrian immigrants than among the Turkish locals and statistically significant (p = .045 and p < .05, respectively). In addition, an analysis of the birth rates of low-birth-weight infants revealed that said rates were higher among the Syrian refugees than the Turkish local and statistically borderline significant (p = .049, p < .05, respectively). Between January 2016 and July 2017, a total of 8,570 live births were performed in our clinic. In our study of the 255 patients under the age of 19 who gave live births, 188 were Turkish and 67 were Syrian refugees. The average age of Turkish mothers under 19 was found to be 17.30 ± 1.01 years and the average age of immigrant mothers was found to be 17.27 ± 0.82 years. In conclusion, adolescent pregnancies are more common among Syrian refugees. Adolescent pregnancies are at risk for obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Therefore, studies should be done to prevent these pregnancies.

HighlightsHybrid-Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) makes us to perform NOTES more safer with the direct visualization of the abdominal cavity.Hybrid NOTES can lesser the exclusion criterias for NOTES.Hybrid NOTES can lesser the complications; by capability of seeing all the major structures such as ureters, uterine vessels, bowels and pelvic adhesions.

Objective: The authors in this study aimed to detect inflammatory marker changes in two natural orifice hysterectomies: single-port laparoscopic hysterectomy (SLH) and vaginal hysterectomy (VH). Materials and Methods: Between 2018 and 2019, data obtained from patients in the SLH and VH groups were reviewed retrospectively. The preoperative and postoperative hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HB), white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte (NLR) ratios and values were compared as well as the demographic characteristics of the patients. This study was also registered in Registry of Clinical Trials; registration number: NCT04221308. Results: In the postoperative period, WBC, NLR, and PLR were statistically increased, and HB and HCT were decreased in all groups. However, the changes in inflammatory markers were similar in both groups. The changes in HB and HCT were less in the SLH group. Moreover, both the duration of the operation and the hospital stay were higher in the SLH group. Conclusions: Both natural orifice techniques provided low morbidity and good cosmetic results. The results regarding inflammatory markers indicate that both procedures are acceptable. As surgical experience in performing SLH increases, operation and hospital stay durations may decrease.