Objective The present study aimed to identify the level of muscle damage that develops after a tennis match, and to investigate the potential effects of eight weeks of strength-endurance training on the level of this muscle damage. Methods The study included 30 male tennis players aged 18 years and above who had been actively playing tennis matches at least for five years, and who voluntarily agreed to take part in the study. The participants were classified into two groups, consisting of 15 experimental subjects and 15 controls. To begin with, all of the participants played tennis matches for three hours according to the international rules of the game, and partners were changed every one hour. In order to determine the level of muscle damage after the tennis match, the blood levels of Creatinine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aminotransferase (ALT) and Myoglobin were measured prior to the matches, and immediately, 24 hours, and 48 hours after the completion of the match. Afterwards, the participants in both groups engaged in eight weeks of tennis training three days a week for 90 minutes per day. The participants in the experimental group additionally carried out eight weeks of strength-endurance training three days a week for 90 minutes per day. The abovementioned measurements were repeated in both groups at the end of the eighth week. Results The CK values of the experimental and control groups, which were measured simultaneously before the training programs, were not significantly different, while after the eight-week training program, the CK values measured immediately after the match (<0.001) and 48 hours (p<0.05) after the match were significantly lower in the experimental group when compared to the control group. LDH values, which were simultaneously measured prior to the training programs, were also not significantly different between the experimental and control groups, while those measured immediately after the match (p<0.05) and 24 hours (p<0.05) after the match were significantly lower in the experimental group when compared to the control group after the training program. The ALT and myoglobin levels, which were measured simultaneously in both groups after the training program also slightly decreased, but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that strength-endurance training, carried out in addition to an eight-week regular tennis training program, resulted in a significant decrease in markers of muscle damage after a tennis match played for the same duration at the same intensity.

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to examine the anthropometric properties and respiratory parameter values of students between the ages of 10-11 who regularly participate in educational games. Methods: 34 students studying, İncesu Kızılören Parlaklar Secondary School, voluntarily participated in the study. While the experimental group (n=18) participated in educational game activities three days a week along with physical education lessons for five weeks, the control group (n=16) attended only physical education lessons. They did not participate in the educational game activities. Two measurements were carried out to the students as pre-test and post-test. Results: While the anthropometric measurements of the students participating in the study were measured with the Tanita measuring device, their respiration values were determined with a spirometer. Data are shown as arithmetic mean and standard deviation. A dependent sample t-test was used to compare independent groups and also paired sample t-test was used to compare dependent groups. The significance level was determined as (p<0.05). In the study, it was seen that there was a significant difference in body fat mass, lean body mass (FFM), total body fluid (ibw) values of the experimental group (p<0.05), while only a significant difference was found in basal metabolic rate (bmh) values in the control group. In the respiratory function values, the forced vital capacity (fvc), the air volume removed in the first second of forced expiration (fev1) of the experimental group. While the difference in peak expiratory flow (pef) and maximum voluntary ventilation (mvv) values were found to be significant, fev1, pef, and mvv values were found to be significant in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was seen that educational games had a positive effect on anthropometric measurement and respiration values in primary school students aged 10-11 years. We think that increasing the time of the physical education lessons and sparing more time to educational games, explaining the importance of educational games to physical education teachers, school administration, and students, and regular educational game competitions will make a significant contribution to the development of children. Keywords: Educational Games, Anthropometric Measurement, Respiratory

Aim: This study aimed to examine the effect of participating in educational game activities with and without a surgical face mask on the aerobic and anaerobic performance levels of children aged 12-13. Methods: Two male groups, unmasked (n=22) and masked (n=22), participated in the study. Pre-test post-test experimental model was used in the study. The aerobic performances of the groups were determined by the 20m shuttle test, and the anaerobic performances of the groups were determined by the vertical jump test. After the pretest scores of the groups were taken, educational game activities were applied to both groups three days a week for eight weeks. At the end of the eighth week, post-test scores were obtained. These data were presented as arithmetic mean and standard deviation. Independent sample t test was used to compare independent groups and paired sample t test was used to compare dependent groups. Results: Significance level was set as p<0.05. When the pretest and posttest values of age, height and body weight of the groups were compared between the groups, no significant difference was observed (p<0.005). However, when looked at the in-group scores, it was observed that there was a significant difference in the body weight values of the masked group (p˂0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest aerobic performance (MaxVO2) scores of both groups within the group comparison (p˂0.001), but no significant difference was found in the groups’ anaerobic performance scores (p<0.005). However, there was no significant difference between the pretest scores between the groups, while a significant difference was observed between the post-test aerobic (p˂0.001) and anaerobic (p<0.005) scores. Conclusion: As a result, children's participation in regular educational games activities both with and without masks contributes positively to their aerobic performance and it can be said that the aerobic (16.69%) and anaerobic (1.01%) performance scores percentages of the masked group improved more than the unmasked group. Keywords: COVID-19, Surgical Face Mask, Aerobic, Anaerobic, Educational Game.