Türkler, siyasi ve askeri alanda binlerce yıl dünya tarihinde çok etkili bir geçmişe sahip olmuş, medeniyet ve bilim açısından da oldukça başarılı bir süreçten geçmiştir. Ancak bu tüm Türkler için aynı derecede değerlendirilemez. Bozkır medeniyetine sahip Türkler geniş imparatorluklar kurmayı başarmışsa da medeniyet, bilim ve teknolojik gelişmeler açısından bostan (kent) medeniyetine sahip Türkler gibi başarılar elde edememiştir. Bu iki farklı yaşam tarzı ve medeniyet binlerce yıl paralel olarak mevcut olmuş ve bunlar arasındaki mücadele kesintisiz süregelmiştir. Türk medeniyetinin yükselmesi ve düşüşündeki asıl önemli unsurun literatürde yaygın olan dış faktörler değil Türklerin kendi içindeki ve iki farklı yaşam tarzı arasındaki mücadelelerin hiç bitmeden devam etmesidir. Türk tarihinde büyük medeni gelişmeler ve bilimsel ilerlemelerin genelde bostan medeniyetine sahip olan Türklerin üstünlük kazandığı zamanlarda ortaya çıktığı ve Türkistan’da son çöküşün yabancı sömürüne maruz kalmadan çok önce bozkırların bu coğrafyalarda üstünlük kazandığı 16. yüzyılın başlarında ortaya çıkmaya başladığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak bostan ve bozkır medeniyetlerinin özellikleri ve Türklerin toplumsal hayatındaki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra, bostan medeniyetinde ortaya çıkan medeni gelişmeler, bilgi ve teknoloji alanındaki büyük başarılar ve bunların elde edilmesi için gösterilen stratejik adımlar ele alınmıştır. Son olarak, bozkırların bostan medeniyeti üzerindeki siyasi ve askeri başarısının ve onu izleyen zihniyet değişikliğinin Türk medeniyetinin gerilemesi ve çökmesine nasıl yol açtığı incelenmiştir.
MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE he Indo-Pacific is the Department of Defense's priority theater. The United States is a Pacific nation; we are linked to our Indo-Pacific neighbors through unbreakable bonds of shared history, culture, commerce, and values. We have an enduring commitment to uphold a free and open Indo-Pacific in which all nations, large and small, are secure in their sovereignty and able to pursue economic growth consistent with accepted international rules, norms, and principles of fair competition. The continuity of our shared strategic vision is uninterrupted despite an increasingly complex security environment. Interstate strategic competition, defined by geopolitical rivalry between free and repressive world order visions, is the primary concern for U.S. national security. In particular, the People's Republic of China, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, seeks to reorder the region to its advantage by leveraging military modernization, influence operations, and predatory economics to coerce other nations. In contrast, the Department of Defense supports choices that promote long-term peace and prosperity for all in the Indo-Pacific. We will not accept policies or actions that threaten or undermine the rules-based international order-an order that benefits all nations. We are committed to defending and enhancing these shared values. The National Security Strategy and the National Defense Strategy articulate our vision to compete, deter, and win in this environment. Achieving this vision requires combining a more lethal Joint Force with a more robust constellation of allies and partners. Increased investments in these imperatives will sustain American influence in the region to ensure favorable balances of power and safeguard the free and open international order. This 2019 Department of Defense Indo-Pacific Strategy Report (IPSR) affirms the enduring U.S. commitment to stability and prosperity in the region through the pursuit of preparedness, partnerships, and the promotion of a networked region. T Preparedness-Achieving peace through strength and employing effective deterrence requires a Joint Force that is prepared to win any conflict from its onset. The Department, alongside our allies and partners, will ensure our combat-credible forces are forward-postured in the region. Furthermore, the Joint Force will prioritize investments that ensure lethality against high-end adversaries. Partnerships-Our unique network of allies and partners is a force multiplier to achieve peace, deterrence, and interoperable warfighting capability. The Department is reinforcing its commitment to established alliances and partnerships, while also expanding and deepening relationships with new partners who share our respect for sovereignty, fair and reciprocal trade, and the rule of law. Promotion of a Networked Region-The Department is strengthening and evolving U.S. alliances and partnerships into a networked security architecture to uphold the international rules-based order. The Depa...
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